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Chemistry > Q4 Questions > Flashcards

Q4 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of Millikan’s ‘Oil drop’

experiments

A

Measure magnitude of charge on electron

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2
Q

Trend in atomic radii across the second period

of the periodic table.

A

It decreases
Number of protons increasing –> grater attractive force
Atomic number increasing

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3
Q

Electronic Configuration for Fe

A

3p6
4s2
3d6

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4
Q

Electronic Configuration for Cr

A

3p6
4s1
3d5

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5
Q

Electronic Configuration for Cu

A

3p6
4s1
3d10

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6
Q

why real gases deviate from ideal behaviour at high pressures
and low temperatures

A

The molecules have a non-negligible volume

The molecules attract each other

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7
Q

Effect of adding Tetraethyllead to an equimolar mixture of methane and chlorine exposed to weak sunlight

A

tetraethyllead acts as a catalyst

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8
Q

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

A

The quantity dissolved oxygen consumed by biological action in a water supply over 5 days in the dark at 20 °C

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9
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules

At the same temperature and pressure

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10
Q

How does boiling remove any temporary hardness, caused by the presence of calcium hydrogencarbonate, in a water sample

A

An insoluble precipitate (calcium carbonate) is formed

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11
Q

Why the first ionisation energy of oxygen is lower than that of nitrogen

A

nitrogen is relatively stable

oxygen is relatively unstable

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12
Q

Presence of a sulfite ion in aqueous solution

A

add barium chloride solution

A white precipitate dissolves hydrochloric acid

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13
Q

Activation energy of a reaction

A

Minimum energy colliding particles must have for a reaction to occur

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14
Q

Principle of infrared spectrometry

A

Molecules absorb infrared radiation of different frequencies

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15
Q

Why relative atomic masses are rarely whole numbers

A

It is the average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of an element

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16
Q

Purpose of tertiary sewage treatment

A

To reduce nitrates and phosphates present

To prevent eutrophication

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17
Q

How many Sigma and Pi Bonds in Nitrogen

A

One sigma bond

Two pi bonds

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18
Q

One Mole of a Substance

A

The amount of that substance that contains 6 x 10^23 particles of that substance

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19
Q

Processes that are carried out during the Primary Treatment of Sewage

A

screening

passing over grit channels settlement

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20
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

The average of the mass number is the isotopes of the element
As they occur naturally
Talking their abundances into account
And expressed on scale in which the ATOMS of the carbon-12 isotopes has a mass of exactly 12 units

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21
Q

Mass Number

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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22
Q

Reagents to test a solution for nitrate ion

A

Freshly prepared FeSO4 and

Concentrated H2SO4

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23
Q

Charles’ law

A

At constant pressure
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional
To its temperature measured on the Kelvin Scale

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24
Q

What happens during secondary sewage treatment?

A

Oxidation, Aeration, Digestion of sewage

Micro-organisms decompose sewage

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25
Q

Heterogeneous Catalysis

A

A reaction in which the catalyst and the reactants are in different phases

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26
Q

Effect of Raising Temperature in Rates of Reaction

A

More collisions reach the activation energy

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27
Q

Bond Energy

A

Average energy required to break one mole of a covalent bond and separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

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28
Q

methods for removing all hardness in water

A

Distillation
Ion exchange resin
Zeolites

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29
Q

Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes

A
  • In a reaction between gases, the volume of reactants and the volume of the products, if gaseous
  • Combine to form small whole numbers ratios
  • Under the same condition of temperature and pressure
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30
Q

Ideal Gas

A
  • One that perfectly obeys all the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases
  • Under ALL conditions of temperature and pressure
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31
Q

Change in nucleus after beta emission

A

neutron changes to proton

Electron is emitted

32
Q

Conjugate pair; Brønsted-Lowry theory

A

Any pair consisting of an acid and a base that differ by one proton

33
Q

Contribution of Henry Moseley

A

Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number

34
Q

Properties of Alpha Particles

A

Its mass is 4
Relatively low velocity
Low Penetrating Power

35
Q

What cause Temporary Hardness in Water

A

Ca(HCO3)2

Fe(HCO3)2

36
Q

What causes Permanent Hardness in Water

A

CaSO4
CaCl2
MgSO4

37
Q

Catalysts in Catalytic Converters

A

Rhodium
Platinum
Palladium

38
Q

Atomic Radius

A

Half the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms of the same element that are joined together by a single covelent bond

39
Q

Use of Oxygenates like methyl tert-butyl ether/MTBE

A

Raise octane number
Prevent auto-ignition
Cleaner emissions

40
Q

A food Preservative

A

Ethanoic acid

CH3COOH

41
Q

Why is the Benzene Ring a Ring

A
  • All the carbon-to-carbon bonds in benzene are identical

* The bonds are an intermediate between single and double bonds
• Six valence electrons belong to the whole molecule

42
Q

Principle of Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy

A

Absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of substance

43
Q

Forces in Oxygen

A

Wan der Waals Forces

44
Q

Nuclear Reaction

A
  • Takes place in nucleus
  • New element is formed
  • Nuclear radiation is released
  • No chemical bond is broken or formed
45
Q

Chemical Reaction

A
  • Involves electrons rather than nucleus
  • No new element is formed
  • No release of nuclear radiation
  • Chemical bonds are broken and formed
46
Q

Contribution of Newland

A

Arranged the elements in increasing relative atomic mass in his Law of Octaves

47
Q

What happens when ethanal is heated with Fehling’s reagent

A

Turns brick red

A precipitate is formed

48
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

In solution in water

In the molten state

49
Q

Electronegativity

A

The relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

50
Q

Contribution of Dobreiner

A

He grouped elements of similar properties in triads

51
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
pV=k

52
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different MASS numbers

53
Q

Which Element behaves like an Ideal Gas

A

Helium

54
Q

Test for the presence of Chloride Ions in an aqueous solution

A

Add AgNO3

A white soluble precipitate is formed in ammonia

55
Q

Strong Acid; Brønsted-Lowry theory

A

Good proton donor

56
Q

Radio-isotope

A

A radioactive isotope

57
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

58
Q

Use of Methylbenzene

A

Petrol component

59
Q

Who discovered the nucleus

A

Rutherford

60
Q

Use of Cobalt-60

A

Cancer treatment

61
Q

Properties of Ionic Substances

A 
High melting points
High boiling points
Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water
usually soluble in water
usually solid at room temp.
62
Q

Reaction of Ethane to Chloroethane

A

Substitution reaction

63
Q

Uses of HPLC

A

To measure the concentration of alcohol in the blood

Analysis of foods - vitamins

64
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium

The system readjusts to relieve the stress applied

65
Q

Homologous Series

A

A group of organic compounds which a general formula
That differs by a CH3
With similar chemical properties
And similar methods of preparation

66
Q

Colour observed at the negative electrode in the electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide with a little phenolphthalein

A

Pink

Hydroxyl ions were produced

67
Q

Differences between low-density and high-density poly(ethene)?

A

Low density polyethene has shorter chains and more branching, is flexible
High-density polyethene has long chains and less branching, is rigid

68
Q

Colour observed at the negative electrode in the electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide with a little phenolphthalein

A

Pink

Hydroxyl ions were produced

69
Q

What is produced at the negative electrode when aqueous sodium sulfate solution is produced

A

Hydrogen

H+ ions

70
Q

Aldehyde In Almond Kernels

A

Benzaldehyde

71
Q

Acid in nettle stings

A

Methanoic acid

72
Q

Who discovered a method of measuring an element’s atomic number from wavelength of x rays

A

Henry Moseley

73
Q

Greenhouse Factor

A

greenhouse effect relative to carbon dioxide, which is given a value of 1

74
Q

Uses of Nitrogen

A

Food preservation

Glass production

75
Q

Which organic compound is associated with nail polish remover

A

Ketone

Chemistry (26 decks)

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