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Chemistry > Q4 Questions > Flashcards

Q4 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Millikan’s ‘Oil drop’

experiments

A

Measure magnitude of charge on electron

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2
Q

Trend in atomic radii across the second period

of the periodic table.

A

It decreases
Number of protons increasing –> grater attractive force
Atomic number increasing

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3
Q

Electronic Configuration for Fe

A

3p6
4s2
3d6

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4
Q

Electronic Configuration for Cr

A

3p6
4s1
3d5

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5
Q

Electronic Configuration for Cu

A

3p6
4s1
3d10

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6
Q

why real gases deviate from ideal behaviour at high pressures
and low temperatures

A

The molecules have a non-negligible volume

The molecules attract each other

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7
Q

Effect of adding Tetraethyllead to an equimolar mixture of methane and chlorine exposed to weak sunlight

A

tetraethyllead acts as a catalyst

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8
Q

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

A

The quantity dissolved oxygen consumed by biological action in a water supply over 5 days in the dark at 20 °C

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9
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules

At the same temperature and pressure

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10
Q

How does boiling remove any temporary hardness, caused by the presence of calcium hydrogencarbonate, in a water sample

A

An insoluble precipitate (calcium carbonate) is formed

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11
Q

Why the first ionisation energy of oxygen is lower than that of nitrogen

A

nitrogen is relatively stable

oxygen is relatively unstable

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12
Q

Presence of a sulfite ion in aqueous solution

A

add barium chloride solution

A white precipitate dissolves hydrochloric acid

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13
Q

Activation energy of a reaction

A

Minimum energy colliding particles must have for a reaction to occur

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14
Q

Principle of infrared spectrometry

A

Molecules absorb infrared radiation of different frequencies

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15
Q

Why relative atomic masses are rarely whole numbers

A

It is the average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of an element

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16
Q

Purpose of tertiary sewage treatment

A

To reduce nitrates and phosphates present

To prevent eutrophication

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17
Q

How many Sigma and Pi Bonds in Nitrogen

A

One sigma bond

Two pi bonds

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18
Q

One Mole of a Substance

A

The amount of that substance that contains 6 x 10^23 particles of that substance

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19
Q

Processes that are carried out during the Primary Treatment of Sewage

A

screening

passing over grit channels settlement

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20
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

The average of the mass number is the isotopes of the element
As they occur naturally
Talking their abundances into account
And expressed on scale in which the ATOMS of the carbon-12 isotopes has a mass of exactly 12 units

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21
Q

Mass Number

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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22
Q

Reagents to test a solution for nitrate ion

A

Freshly prepared FeSO4 and

Concentrated H2SO4

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23
Q

Charles’ law

A

At constant pressure
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional
To its temperature measured on the Kelvin Scale

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24
Q

What happens during secondary sewage treatment?

A

Oxidation, Aeration, Digestion of sewage

Micro-organisms decompose sewage

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25
Heterogeneous Catalysis
A reaction in which the catalyst and the reactants are in different phases
26
Effect of Raising Temperature in Rates of Reaction
More collisions reach the activation energy
27
Bond Energy
Average energy required to break one mole of a covalent bond and separate the neutral atoms completely from each other
28
methods for removing all hardness in water
Distillation Ion exchange resin Zeolites
29
Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes
* In a reaction between gases, the volume of reactants and the volume of the products, if gaseous * Combine to form small whole numbers ratios * Under the same condition of temperature and pressure
30
Ideal Gas
* One that perfectly obeys all the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases * Under ALL conditions of temperature and pressure
31
Change in nucleus after beta emission
neutron changes to proton | Electron is emitted
32
Conjugate pair; Brønsted-Lowry theory
Any pair consisting of an acid and a base that differ by one proton
33
Contribution of Henry Moseley
Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number
34
Properties of Alpha Particles
Its mass is 4 Relatively low velocity Low Penetrating Power
35
What cause Temporary Hardness in Water
Ca(HCO3)2 | Fe(HCO3)2
36
What causes Permanent Hardness in Water
CaSO4 CaCl2 MgSO4
37
Catalysts in Catalytic Converters
Rhodium Platinum Palladium
38
Atomic Radius
Half the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms of the same element that are joined together by a single covelent bond
39
Use of Oxygenates like methyl tert-butyl ether/MTBE
Raise octane number Prevent auto-ignition Cleaner emissions
40
A food Preservative
Ethanoic acid | CH3COOH
41
Why is the Benzene Ring a Ring
* All the carbon-to-carbon bonds in benzene are identical | * The bonds are an intermediate between single and double bonds • Six valence electrons belong to the whole molecule
42
Principle of Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy
Absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of substance
43
Forces in Oxygen
Wan der Waals Forces
44
Nuclear Reaction
* Takes place in nucleus * New element is formed * Nuclear radiation is released * No chemical bond is broken or formed
45
Chemical Reaction
* Involves electrons rather than nucleus * No new element is formed * No release of nuclear radiation * Chemical bonds are broken and formed
46
Contribution of Newland
Arranged the elements in increasing relative atomic mass in his Law of Octaves
47
What happens when ethanal is heated with Fehling’s reagent
Turns brick red | A precipitate is formed
48
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
In solution in water | In the molten state
49
Electronegativity
The relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
50
Contribution of Dobreiner
He grouped elements of similar properties in triads
51
Boyle’s Law
At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure pV=k
52
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different MASS numbers
53
Which Element behaves like an Ideal Gas
Helium
54
Test for the presence of Chloride Ions in an aqueous solution
Add AgNO3 | A white soluble precipitate is formed in ammonia
55
Strong Acid; Brønsted-Lowry theory
Good proton donor
56
Radio-isotope
A radioactive isotope
57
Compound
Two or more elements chemically combined
58
Use of Methylbenzene
Petrol component
59
Who discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
60
Use of Cobalt-60
Cancer treatment
61
Properties of Ionic Substances
``` High melting points High boiling points Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water usually soluble in water usually solid at room temp. ```
62
Reaction of Ethane to Chloroethane
Substitution reaction
63
Uses of HPLC
To measure the concentration of alcohol in the blood | Analysis of foods - vitamins
64
Le Chatelier's Principle
When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium | The system readjusts to relieve the stress applied
65
Homologous Series
A group of organic compounds which a general formula That differs by a CH3 With similar chemical properties And similar methods of preparation
66
Colour observed at the negative electrode in the electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide with a little phenolphthalein
Pink | Hydroxyl ions were produced
67
Differences between low-density and high-density poly(ethene)?
Low density polyethene has shorter chains and more branching, is flexible High-density polyethene has long chains and less branching, is rigid
68
Colour observed at the negative electrode in the electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide with a little phenolphthalein
Pink | Hydroxyl ions were produced
69
What is produced at the negative electrode when aqueous sodium sulfate solution is produced
Hydrogen | H+ ions
70
Aldehyde In Almond Kernels
Benzaldehyde
71
Acid in nettle stings
Methanoic acid
72
Who discovered a method of measuring an element's atomic number from wavelength of x rays
Henry Moseley
73
Greenhouse Factor
greenhouse effect relative to carbon dioxide, which is given a value of 1
74
Uses of Nitrogen
Food preservation | Glass production
75
Which organic compound is associated with nail polish remover
Ketone

Chemistry (26 decks)

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