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Chemistry > Instrumentation > Flashcards

Instrumentation Flashcards

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1
Q

Who invented chromatography

A

Russian botanist

Mikhail Tswett

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2
Q

Uses of chromatography

A
  • Separating different substances in a mixture

* Identifying and measuring the amount of the substances present

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3
Q

Chromatography

A

A separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture moves in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase

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4
Q

Principle of chromatography separation

A

Separation of a mixture of components occurs as a result of selective adsorbance of the components of the mixture on a stationary phase while carried by a mobile phase

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5
Q

Processes of Paper chromatography

A
  • End of paper is placed in a suitable solvent
  • Solvent soaks up through the paper
  • Dissolved the sample being analyzed
  • Solvent - mobile phase moves up through paper - stationary phase
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6
Q

Result of paper chromatography

A

Original sample separate out into its various components at different intervals along the paper

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7
Q

Gas chromatography

A

Uses a gas as the mobile phase and non-volatile liquid with a high boiling point as the stationary phase spread on solo a inert alumina that are packed into a long coiled tube

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8
Q

Processes of gas chromatography

A
  • Sample being analyzed is injected into the hot column (syringe)
  • Sample is vaporized and carried through tube using Ni, He or Argon (carrier gas)
  • Components of the mixture are adsorbed to different extents on the stationary phase
  • Carries a detector that records a signal and plots a gas chromatogram
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9
Q

Principle of Gas chromatography

A

A gaseous mobile phase is in contact with a stationary phase and separation of the mixture occurs as a result of selective absorbance of the components of the mixture on the stationary phase

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10
Q

Uses of gas chromatography

A
  • Measure the level of alcohol in the blood or urine sample

* Carry out drug tests on athletes

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11
Q

GC-MS

A

Separated components from gas spectrometry passed into mass spectrometer

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12
Q

Uses of GC-MS

A
  • Compounds can be analysed separately and identified
  • Forensics science laboratory
  • Monitor the performance of a pharmaceutical in the body
  • Analyse atmosphere and soil on other planets
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13
Q

High-performance liquid chromatography

A

Substance being analyzed is added to a liquid solvent (Mobile phase) which is passed over very fine silica particles (stationary phase)

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14
Q

Why is a pump used to force the liquid through the column for HPLC

A

Better separation occurs if the particles in the stationary phase are very small and pass through slowly

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15
Q

Principle of high-performance Liquid chromatography

A

A liquid mobile phase is In contact with a stationary phase and separation of the mixture occurs as a results of selective adsorbance of the components of the mixture on the stationary phase

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16
Q

Processes of HPLC

A
  • Injection of sample
  • Pumping sample along the column
  • Separation in the column
  • Detection of components in the mixture
  • Display of results
17
Q

Features of HPLC

A
  • Separation is more efficient as a pump is used
  • The column isn’t as long
  • Lower temperature
18
Q

Uses of HPLC

A
  • Analyse mixture of non-volatile compounds
  • Analysis of food (additives in food)
  • Concentration of alcohol in blood
19
Q

Infra-red Spectrometry

A
  • Wavelengths are longer than those of visible light
  • Invisible
  • Given off by hot objects
  • Absorbed by the vibrations of bonds in organic compounds
20
Q

Principle of infra-red spectrometry

A

Organic compound absorb infra-red radiation of certain frequencies which are absorbed depending on the bonding within the molecule

21
Q

Processes of Infra-red Spectrometry

A
  • Passed through the sample being analyzed
  • Certain fixed frequencies is adsorbed
  • Adsorption spectrum is obtained
22
Q

Uses of infra-red spectrometry

A

Identify compounds

Identify plastics and illegal drugs

23
Q

Principle of ultraviolet adsorption Spectrometry

A

Absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of a substance

24
Q

Processes of ultraviolet spectrometry

A
  • Substance being analyzed is placed between a source of UV light and a detector
  • Measures the intensity of light reaching it
  • UV absorption spectrum is obtained
25
Q

Uses of UV

A

Detect presence of transition metals and plant pigments

26
Q

Principle of mass spectrometry

A

Charged particles moving in a magnetic field are deflected to different extents according to their masses and are thus separated according to these masses

27
Q

Processes of mass spectrometry

A 
Vaporization 
Ionisation 
Acceleration 
Separation in a magnetic field 
Detection
28
Q

Uses of mass spectrometry

A

Identify the presence of isotopes
Measure the relative abundances of isotopes
Measure relative atomic masses and relative molecular massesIdentify unknown compounds

Chemistry (26 decks)

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