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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the groups of organic chemistry

A 
Alkanes 
Alkenes
Alkynes 
Chloroalkanes
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic acid 
Esters
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2
Q

Alkanes

A 
Saturated
Single bonds 
Used in LPG 
Tetrahedronal structure
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
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3
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated

Double bond

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4
Q

Alkynes

A

Triple bond

Unsaturated

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5
Q

Chlorialkanes

A

Insoluble in water
Higher boiling point than corresponding alkanes
Non-polar

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6
Q

Alcohol

A

Has a OH hydroxyl group
Primary alcohol: ethanol
Secondary alcohol: propan-2-ol
Tertiary alcohol: 2-methylpropan-2-ol

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7
Q

Aldehydes

A

Has a CHO carbonyl group
C=O and H
Ends in anal
Unsaturated

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8
Q

Ethyne

A

Acetylene gas
Produces a sooty flames when it burns in air
Cutting and wielding
Oxyacetylene torch

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9
Q

Methylbenzene

A

Toluene

Used in explosives like TNT, trinitrotoluene

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10
Q

Crude oil

A

Heated in furnace
Boiling points condense at specific bubble caps
Small chains at the top with a low boiling point

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11
Q

LPG

A

Liquified petroleum gas

A mixture of propane and butane

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12
Q

Refinery gas/LPG

A

Bottled gas

Cooking

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13
Q

Naphtha

A

Chemicals for petrochemical industry

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14
Q

Kerosene

A

Jet fuel

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15
Q

Lubricating oil

A

Waxes

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16
Q

Fuel oil

A

Fuel for ships

17
Q

Bitumen

A

Roads and roofing

18
Q

Fractional distillation

A 
Refinery gas/LPG
Petrol
Naphtha 
Kerosene 
Diesel oil 
Lubricating oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Real petrol not Kosts definitely low for buses

19
Q

Natural gas

A 
Mostly methane 
Ethane, propane and butane 
High kilogram calorific value
Highly flammable and explosive in air
Mercaptans are added to detect gas leaks
20
Q

Mercaptans

A

Smelly sulfur compounds

21
Q

Octane reference numbers

A

Heptane - 0

2,2,4-trimethylpentane - 100

22
Q

Factors affecting octane number

A

Length of chain
Degree of branching
Straight chain or cyclic structures

23
Q

How to increase the octane number

A

Isomerisation
Catalytic cracking (feedstock for petrochemical industry)
Dehydrocyclisation
Adding oxygenates (Metyl tertiary butyl ether)

24
Q

How to make hydrogen

A

Steam reforming of natural gas

Electrolysis of water

25
Q

Lead

A 
E.g. tetraethyllead
Prevent knocking
Harmful for environment 
Toxic fumes 
Catalyst poison

Chemistry (26 decks)

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