Chapter 21 - Fuels and Heats of Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

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3
Q

Saturated compound

A

One in which there are only single bonds between the atoms in the molecule

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4
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of compounds of similar chemical properties
Showing gradations in physical properties
Having a general formula for its members
Each member having a similar method of preparation
Each member differing from the previous member by a unit

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5
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds with the same MOLECULAR formula but different structural formulas

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6
Q

Unsaturated compounds

A

One that contains one or more double or triple bonds between the atoms in the molecule

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7
Q

Aliphatic compound

A

An organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds that resemble them in chemical properties

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8
Q

Aromatic compound

A

Compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules

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9
Q

Auto ignition

A

Premature ignition of the petrol-air mixture before normal ignition of the mixture by a spark takes place

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10
Q

Octane number

A

A fuel is a measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking

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11
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

The breaking down of long chain hydrocarbon molecules by the action of heat and catalysts into short chain molecules for which there is greater demand

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12
Q

Heat of reaction

A

The heat change when the numbers of moles of reactants indicated in the balanced equation for the reaction react completely

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13
Q

Heat of combustion

A

A substance is the heat of change when one mole of the substance is completely burned in excess oxygen

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14
Q

Kilogram calorific value of a fuel

A

The heat of energy produced when 1kg of the fuel is completely burned in oxygen

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15
Q

Bond energy

A

The average energy required to break mole of a particular covalent bond and to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

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16
Q

Heat of neutralisation

A

The heat change when one mole of H+ ions from an acid reacts with one mole of OH- ions from a base

17
Q

Heat of Formation of a compound

A

The heat change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their standard states

18
Q

Hess’s Law

A

If a chemical reaction takes place in a number of stages, the sum of heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heat change if the reaction is carried out in one stage

19
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form of energy into another

20
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of the compounds of carbon

21
Q

Sources of hydrocarbons

A

Fossil fuels:
Coal
Methane
Crude oil

22
Q

Methane

A
  • Formed from materials of plant and animal origin, decayed manure (anaerobic bacteria)
  • Heats the farm
  • Contributes to greenhouse effect