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Grade 12 > Q4 BIO > Flashcards

Q4 BIO Flashcards

1
Q

Mode of reproduction that does not involve the use of
gametes or sex cells

A

Asexual reproduction

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2
Q

Mode of reproduction that involves the use of gametes or
sex cells

A

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

A type of asexual reproduction involving the division of the body into two or more equal parts

A

Fission

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4
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where the body breaks into two
or more parts, with each fragment capable of becoming a complete individual; in animals, and is usually followed by regeneration where the missing parts are produced. For example, a lost arm of the starfish may be regenerated by mitotic cell divisions.

A

Fragmentation

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5
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where a new individual arises as an outgrowth from its parent, develops organs like those of the parent, and then detaches itself.

A

Budding

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6
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where a new individual forms from
an aggregation of cells surrounded by a resistant capsule, which later on germinates

A

Sporulation

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7
Q

Fusion of similar gametes which are usually motile.

A

Isogamy

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8
Q

Fusion of dissimilar gametes. In oogamy, a large immotile gamete,
the egg, is fertilized by a small motile gamete, the sperm.

A

Heterogamy

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9
Q

This type of sexual reproduction involving the union of
gametes from two genetically different parents.

A

Bisexual reproduction

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10
Q

An individual with both male and female reproductive tissues.
In animals “self-fertilization” is not common. In worms, a male needs to donate sperm to fertilize the oocytes in its body.

A

Hermaphrodite

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11
Q

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A

Fission
Fragmentation
Budding
Sporulation

FFBS

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12
Q

What type of reproduction: Paramecium

A

Fission

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13
Q

What type of reproduction: Hydra

A

Budding

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14
Q

What type of reproduction: filamentous alga, i.e. Spirogyra or Oedogonium, and a detached starfish arm growing lost parts as example

A

Fragmentation

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15
Q

What type of reproduction: fungus, i.e. Rhizopus; very rare in animals and is only exhibited in some organism like sponges.

A

Sporulation

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16
Q

TYPES OF UNION OF GAMETES

A

Isogamy
Heterogamy

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17
Q

UNION OF GAMETES. Chlamydomonas producing gametes or Spirogyra undergoing conjugation as example; may involve either flagellated gametes (as in the case of Chlamydomonas) or non-flagellated cells or structures (as in the case of Spirogyra)

A

Isogamy

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18
Q

UNION OF GAMETES. animal sperm and egg as examples

A

Isogamy

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19
Q

SPECIAL TERMS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A

Bisexual reproduction
Hermaphrodites

20
Q

What type of reproduction: humans, and papaya among others.

A

Bisexual reproduction

21
Q

barnacles; worms

A

Hermaphrodites

22
Q

Offspring is genetically identical to the parent, which means the offspring is a CLONE of the parent.

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

23
Q

Generally, it produces variation in the offspring because this results in the recombination of genomes from the parents’ gametes.

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

24
Q

GAMETOGENESIS invloves:

A

Formation of gametes
Spermatogenesis - sperm production
oogenesis - ovum production

25
Q

Fertilization

A

It is the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon and results in a unicellular diploid zygote.

26
Q

Cleavage

A
  • involves a series of mitotic divisions to produce a multicellular blastula from a unicellular zygote.
  • begins with the zygote and ends with the blastocyst.
27
Q

three germ layers

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

28
Q

hollow cluster of cells is called a ____

A

blastula

29
Q

Gastrulation

A

formation of three germ layers that will each give rise to specific tissues and organs.

30
Q

organogenesis

A

Show fates of each germ layer in a typical vertebrate animal

31
Q

solid ball of cluster of cells is called ____

A

Morula

32
Q

Identification. Contains one or more ovules

A

Ovary

33
Q

Identification. male reproductive structure

A

stamen

34
Q

Identification. outer parts of flowers that are usually bright colored

A

petals

35
Q

Identification. female reproductive structure

A

pistil/carpel

36
Q

Identification. protects the flower it is still in bud

A

sepals

37
Q

Identification. hold the anther

A

filament

38
Q

Identification. pollen is produced here

A

Anther

39
Q

Identification. receives the pollen

A

stigma

40
Q

Identification. leads from the stigma to a structure at the base of the carpel

A

style

41
Q

Identification. the stalk that bears the flower

A

pedicel

42
Q

the fates of the cells are beginning to be determined. The cells started as totipotent in cleavage, but as the cells are moved around through morphogenetic movements, they become more specialized in terms of their fates as they get assigned to specific germ layers.

A

Gastrulation

43
Q

GERM LAYERS. Nervous system (brain and spinal cord), epidermis, sense organs

A

Ectoderm

44
Q

GERM LAYERS. muscles, bones, cartilage, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive organs

A

Mesoderm

45
Q

GERM LAYERS. digestive and respiratory organs, endocrine glands, germ
cells and gametes

A

Endoderm

Grade 12 (12 decks)

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