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ANATG > Q2 Exam 4 > Flashcards

Q2 Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

minor petrosal nerve

A

parasympathetics from IX passing through the middle ear to the otic ganglion

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2
Q

major petrosal nerve

A

carries preganglionic parasympathetics from VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion

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3
Q

chorda tympani

A

branch of VII that carries parasympathetics to the mandibular and sublingual ganglia and taste from the rostral portion of the tongue, joins the lingual nerve later

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4
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube to the middle ear?

A

equalizes pressure across the tympanic membrane through contraction of the tensor and levator veli palatini

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5
Q

ceruminous glands

A

special mucous glands in the ear, keeps it clean

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6
Q

scutiform cartilage

A

associated with musculature of the external ear (muscles of facial expression)

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7
Q

which two vessels rupture leading to an aural hematoma

A

rostral auricular and caudal auricular

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8
Q

what integrates body and eye movement

A

cerebellum

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9
Q

endolymph

A

fluid in the semicircular and cochlear ducts, increased K+

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10
Q

perilymph

A

fluid in the semicircular canal and scala vestibuli/tympani (not attached to utricle), increased Na+

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11
Q

utricle function

A

monitor and activate response to linear acceleration of horizontal movements

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12
Q

saccule function

A

monitor and activate response to linear acceleration of vertical movements

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13
Q

semicircular ducts function

A

angular acceleration detection

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14
Q

scarpa’s ganglion

A

integrates all the nerve fibers going to the vestibular apparatus

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15
Q

hair cells on the side of the head towards which the person it turning increase or decrease in firing rate

A

increase, depolarize

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16
Q

what causes hair cells to move in the ear?

A

gelatinous tectorial membrane sliding over the basilar membrane from waves in the endolymph

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17
Q

what frequencies are heard at the apex of the cochlea, closest to the oval window

A

low

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18
Q

what frequencies are heard at the base of the cochlea, furthest from the oval window

A

high

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19
Q

what are the three exits to the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxillary foramen, sphenopalatine foramen, and caudal palatine foramen

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20
Q

philtrum

A

midline sulcus between the nostrils

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21
Q

nasal diverticulum

A

blind punch dorsal to the alar fold, miss it when putting in nasal tube in horses

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22
Q

vomeronasal organ

A

cradled in a cartilage extending caudally along the floor of the nasal cavity from the palatine fissure

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23
Q

flehmen reaction

A

in response to female pheromones many male animals which curl up their lip to better open vomeronasal organ

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24
Q

hamulus of the pterygoid bone

A

process that works as a pulley to change the action of certain muscles

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25
Q

palatinus muscle

A

shortens and ventrally curls the palate

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26
Q

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

A

connect soft palate to other muscular structures, innervated by vagus

27
Q

where does the caudal branch of the major palatine artery exit the palatine canal?

A

minor palatine foramen, then anastomoses with the minor palatine artery

28
Q

laryngeal ventricle

A

pocket of mucosa formed between the vestibular and vocal folds

29
Q

dorsal cricoarytenoid

A

ONLY muscle that abducts the vocal folds

30
Q

cricothyroideus

A

rotates thyroid cartilage, only external laryngeal muscle

31
Q

what does lengthening the vocal folds do to the sound produced?

A

tightens and raises the pitch

32
Q

what are the two nerves involved with the cough reflex

A

internal laryngeal senses object touching vestibular folds, caudal laryngeal nerve carry motor to internal muscles

33
Q

pharyngeal constrictors

A

hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cricopharyngeus

34
Q

pharyngeal movers

A

pterygopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus (IX), and palatopharyngeus

35
Q

what is an alternate route of blood supply in animals without an internal carotid

A

ascending pharyngeal

36
Q

what nerve controls the gag reflex?

A

IX sensory to oropharynx but X contributes motor

37
Q

frenulum

A

midline mucosal fold that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

38
Q

filiform papilae

A

small jeratinized papillae that cover the tongue and keep sharp objects from puncturing

39
Q

dorsal column (medial lemniscal)

A

touch, conscious proprioception, axons cross in the medulla

40
Q

anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract)

A

pain, itch, temperature and non-conscious proprioception, axons cross at level of entry

41
Q

muscle spindle receptors

A

detect tension and changes of length within the muscle itself

42
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

detect tension within tendons

43
Q

thecodonty

A

teeth anchored within bony sockets of the jaws

44
Q

heterodonty

A

differentiation of teeth in different parts of mouth for functional units

45
Q

diphyodonty

A

two different sets of dentition

46
Q

the canine deciduous teeth erupt in which order?

A

canines (3-5w), incisors (4-6w), and then premolars (5-6w)

47
Q

the canine permanent teeth erupt in which order?

A

incisors and PM1/4 (3-5m), canines (5-7m), premolars and molars (5-6m), and then M3 (6-7m)

48
Q

the feline deciduous teeth erupt in which order?

A

incisors (3-4w) then premolars (5-6w)

49
Q

the feline permanent teeth erupt in which order?

A

incisors (3.5-5.5m), premolars (4-5m), then canines and M1 (5-6m)

50
Q

hypsodonty vs brachyodonty

A

in hypsodonty cementum in ridges with the enamel

51
Q

carnassial teeth

A

upper P4 and lower M1 enlarged, better for shearing

52
Q

keel

A

major ossified ventral point of the sternum

53
Q

which muscles control flying in the bird

A

pectoralis pulls down, supracoracoideus raises

54
Q

choana

A

opening of the nasal cavity into the oropharynx

55
Q

crop

A

an enlargement of the esophagus before it enters the thorax, food storage and some partial digestion with crop milk/ amylase

56
Q

proventriculus and ventriculus

A

two-chambered avian stomach pro is glandular while ventriculus is muscular

57
Q

from proximal to distal, what are the four different regions of the cloaca

A

coprodeum, urodeum, proctodeum and vent

58
Q

syrinx

A

avian voice organ at the division to the primary bronchi, where the pessulus cartilage provides support to the division

59
Q

what is different about the ovaries in birds

A

only the left one normally develops

60
Q

receptor cycling

A

when saturated, odorant receptors retreat into the cell, takes several minutes to reemerge, when we get used to a smell

61
Q

order of olfactory bulb cell layers

A

olfactory sensory, periglomerular, tufted, mitral, granule

62
Q

where do fungiform papillae taste buds open

A

directly into oral cavity

63
Q

how long does it take taste buds to recycle?

A

10-14 days

ANATG (8 decks)

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