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ANATG > Q1 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Q1 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

nuchal ligament

A

found in dogs and horses, connects supraspinous ligament to the caudal aspect of the skull

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2
Q

conus medullaris and cauda equina

A

end of the spinal cord, normally before end of the vertebral column, roots that extend caudally are cauda equina

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3
Q

foramen magnum

A

where the spinal cord meets the brain stem

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4
Q

the tracheal muscle is _____ to the trachea

A

dorsal

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5
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

4: cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

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6
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2: cranial, caudal

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7
Q

pulmonary ligament

A

surrounds the hilum

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8
Q

bronchial artery

A

supplies oxygenated blood for lung function

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9
Q

thoracic duct

A

lymph duct that runs craniocaudally between the azygous vein and aorta, empties into cranial vena cava at ampulla

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10
Q

equine lungs

A

“non-lobular”

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11
Q

bovine lungs

A

same as dog, except no accessory

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12
Q

porcine lungs

A

lobulated but less differentiated

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13
Q

four layers of trachea cells under microscopy

A

mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria), submucosa, cartilaginous layer, adventitia

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14
Q

four layers of secondary and tertiary bronchi under microscopy

A

mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria), smooth muscle, submucosa, cartilage

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15
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

do not engage in gas exchange, distal conducting portion

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16
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

engage in gas exchange, beginning of respiratory portion

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17
Q

pneumocyte I

A

thin cells, barrier between air space and septal wall

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18
Q

pneumocyte II

A

cuboidal, secrete surfactant from lamelar bodies

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19
Q

clara cells

A

appear in epithelium of bronchioles, secrete lipoprotein

20
Q

thick region vs thin region of alveoli

A

thick- connective tissue w/ macrophages
thin- air-blood barrier and responsible for gas exchange

21
Q

interventricular sulcus

A

groove on outside of heart between ventricles (left = paraconal groove, right = subsinuosal groove)

22
Q

coronary sulcus

A

groove on outside of heart between auricles and ventricular wall

23
Q

pectinate muscles

A

fiber looking muscles that contract atrial walls

24
Q

parts of AV valves

A

cusps, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles

25
Q

trabecula septomarginalis

A

moderator band usually only in right ventricle, synchronizes ventricular contraction

26
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

in ventricles, likely keeps walls from suctioning onto each other

27
Q

where to auscultate pulmonary valve

A

left 3rd intercostal space

28
Q

where to auscultate aortic valve

A

left 4th intercostal space

29
Q

where to auscultate mitral (bicuspid) valve

A

left 5th intercostal space

30
Q

where to auscultate tricuspid valve

A

right 3-5th intercostal space

31
Q

cardiac plexus

A

deep- right s. trunk, vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve
superficial- left s. trunk, vagus nerve

32
Q

Septum transversum

A

sits between cardiac region and amnion, becomes diaphragm

33
Q

conus cordia

A

forms from bulbus cordus, will become aorta/pulmonary trunk

34
Q

endocardial cushions

A

fuse during atrioventricular septation, splits atrioventricular canal into R and L

35
Q

foramen ovale

A

bottom of the septum secundum, bypasses between atria
remnant: fossa ovalis

36
Q

interventricular foramen

A

connects ventricles until aortic and pulmonary outflow is complete

37
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

shunt from pulmonary trunk to aorta
remnant: ligamentum arteriosum

38
Q

What are the three formed elements in blood?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

39
Q

romanovsky stains

A

eosin and methylene blue for blood smears

40
Q

diapedesis

A

junctions between epithelium in post capillary venules open quickly to allow WBCs into tissue

41
Q

neutrophil

A

neutral cytoplasm, granulocyte, most numerous, destroy bacteria

42
Q

eosinophil

A

pink cytoplasm, granulocyte, MBP antiparasitic (cat’s eye)

43
Q

basophil

A

mast cell imposter, initiate inflammatory response, heparin and histamine

44
Q

lymphocyte

A

aganulocyte, large nucleus, fairly numerous

45
Q

monocyte

A

largest, agranulocyte, become macrophages

ANATG (8 decks)

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