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ANATG > Q2 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Q2 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

atlas

A

C1 in mammals, has large wings or transverse processes

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2
Q

axis

A

C2 in mammals, has large spinous process

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3
Q

cresty neck scores

A

size and shape of fatty crest in equines can be used as BCS

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4
Q

lingual process

A

supports weight of tongue, extension of the thyroid bone cranially

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5
Q

capitis muscles

A

specific to fine control of the atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joints, 4 rectus and 2 oblique

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6
Q

scalenus

A

muscle from caudal cervical vertebrae to ribs (often group of three)

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7
Q

longus capitis

A

muscles slightly lateral to the vertebral column

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8
Q

longus colli

A

muscles primarily just ventral to the vertebral column

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9
Q

3 branches of the subclavian that supply the neck

A

vertebral artery, deep and superficial cervical arteries

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10
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

C1 and some C2 ventral ramus join with hypoglossal nerve to form a loop

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11
Q

which two nerves arise from the C2 ventral ramus

A

great auricular and transverse cervical

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12
Q

thyroid isthmus

A

tissue bridging between two thyroid lobes ventral to the trachea in some mammals

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13
Q

what ganglion is paired with CN III and what type of nerves synapse there?

A

ciliary, parasympathetic

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14
Q

what ganglions are paired with CN IV

A

pterygopalatine and submandibular

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15
Q

what ganglion is paired with CN IX

A

otic

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16
Q

nasal choane

A

nasal passages that hold conchae, which are thin bones covered with epithelia

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17
Q

gyri vs sulci

A

gyri are folds, and sulci are the grooves between ex. cruciate sulcus

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18
Q

brain fissures

A

full invaginations in the brain, contain some dura mater ex. longitudinal and transverse

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19
Q

layer IV of the mammalian cortex

A

major input layer, internal granular

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20
Q

layer 5 of the mammalian cortex

A

internal pyrimidal, major output layer

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21
Q

association fibers of the brain

A

connect different areas of cortex in same hemisphere

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22
Q

commissural fibers of the brain

A

connect corresponding structures between hemispheres

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23
Q

corticopetal projection fibers

A

axons entering the cortex

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24
Q

corticofugal projection fibers

A

axons exiting cortex

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25
Q

corpus callosum

A

axonal tract that allows communication between lobes on right and left sides, sorta looks like a central disc/moon

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26
Q

all besides which sense leave the brain through the thalamus

A

olfactory

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27
Q

which CN nuclei reside in the cerebrum

A

I, II

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28
Q

which CN nuclei reside in the midbrain

A

III, IV

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29
Q

which CN nuclei reside in the pons

A

V, VI

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30
Q

which CN nuclei reside in the medulla

A

VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

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31
Q

falx cerebri

A

fold of dura between the right and left hemispheres

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32
Q

arachnoid villi/granulations

A

projections into the dural sinuses that return CSF from the subarachnoid space back into the venous drainage

33
Q

choroid plexus in ventricles

A

produces CSF, an ultrafiltrate from blood plasma

34
Q

movement of CSF through the brain

A

choroid plexuses in lateral and fourth ventricles, travels through third, then diffuses from the fourth into subarachnoid space and spinal cord

35
Q

circulus arteriosis cerebri

A

a shared circle of anastomotic blood supply to the brain

36
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes the mouth and purses lips

37
Q

levator nasolabialis

A

dilates nostril and elevates rostral upper lip

38
Q

levator labii superioris

A

elevates middle upper lip

39
Q

caninus

A

dilates nostril, snarls, elevates corner of mouth

40
Q

buccinator

A

keeps food inside the cheek

41
Q

parotidoauricularis

A

very small, often damaged during ear surgeries

42
Q

which two large veins drain into the external jugular?

A

linguofacial and maxillary

43
Q

which two veins anastamose at the deep facial vein?

A

ophthalmic and buccal

44
Q

two branches of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)

A

frontal and infratrochlear

45
Q

two branches of the maxillary nerve (V2)

A

infraorbital and zygomatic (this innervates horns in cattle)

46
Q

two branches of the mandibular nerve (V3)

A

mental and buccal

47
Q

five structures in contact with the guttural pouch

A

stylohyoid, external carotid, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, and vagosympathetic nerves

48
Q

serous demilunes

A

release lysozyme enzyme inside mucous acini (outside of mucous cells)

49
Q

what is different between parotid and other major salivary glands

A

parotid only has serous secretion, NOT mixed

50
Q

palate microanatomy defining structures

A

epithelium, prominent LP, lots of mucous glands underneath

51
Q

lacrimal microanatomy defining structures

A

lobulated, lymphatic nodules, only serous

52
Q

thyroid microanatomy defining structures

A

colloid follicules store precursor to hormones, c cells release calcitonin

53
Q

parathyroid microanatomy defining structures

A

lobulated, chief cells produce PTH and oxyphils are nonsecretory cells

54
Q

TMJ joint type

A

articular cartilage disc divides in half, allows sliding but also hinge motion

55
Q

four primary muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids

56
Q

action of temporalis

A

closes jaw, some retraction

57
Q

action of masseter

A

jaw closing, superficial fibers protract

58
Q

action of medial pterygoid

A

jaw closing, protraction

59
Q

action of lateral pterygoid

A

control articular disc in TMJ during movement

60
Q

which muscles of mastication large in carnivores

A

temporalis

61
Q

which muscles of mastication large in herbivores

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

62
Q

mylohyoid

A

muscle hammock, innervated by V3

63
Q

digastric

A

depresses (opens) mandible, dual innervation from V3 and VII

64
Q

pterygoid plexus

A

primary connection between deep venous drainage and superficial

64
Q

pterygoid plexus

A

primary connection between deep venous drainage and superficial

65
Q

sclera

A

outermost fibrous tunic attached to cornea

66
Q

choroid

A

vascular tunic under sclera that is attached to ciliary body and iris

67
Q

ciliary muscle

A

ring running around central lens, changes lens shape to focus under parasympathetic innervation

68
Q

contrictor and dilator pupillae

A

anterior and posterior (respectively) layers of the iris, constricts and dilates the pupil, parasympathetic and sympathetic

69
Q

canal of schlemm

A

drains aqueous humor from anterior chamber of prelental into venous system

70
Q

rod photoreceptor

A

vision in light of low intensity

71
Q

cone photoreceptor

A

allow for visual acuity and color vision (two types blue and green, short and medium)

72
Q

tapetum lucidum

A

sits behind retina to reflect more photons

73
Q

zonular fibers

A

suspend lens in front of the vitreous body, held by cilliary muscle

74
Q

tarsal (meibomian) glands

A

modified sebaceous glands that increase viscosity of tears (blocked in chalazion)

75
Q

what two structures anchor the eyelids at the corners of the eye

A

canthi and commissures

76
Q

decussation

A

major pathways cross to other side of the body somewhere

77
Q

pyramidal vs extrapyramidal systems

A

pyramidal is fine movements, decussates in medulla, extrapyramidal are coarser movements like locomotion, decussates before the pons

78
Q

lesions on UMN vs LMN

A

UMN leads to spastic paralysis, LMN leads to flaccid paralysis

ANATG (8 decks)

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