Pyschology Flashcards
What are the three stages of memory?
Sensory memory (very short-term)
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Iconic memory
Visual sensory memory
Last 1/4 to 1/2 second
Echoic memory
Auditory sensory memory
Lasts 3-4 seconds
How long does short-term memory last?
20 seconds
What causes short-term memory last longer or shorter?
Longer - Maintenance Rehearsal
Shorter - decay or interference from new information
Working memory
Active, conscious manipulation of temporarily stored information
Sometimes used interchangably with short-term memory
3 types of long-term memory
Procedural
Episodic
Semantic
Procedural Memory
“Muscle memory”, how to perform skills
Episodic Memory
Long-term memory of specific events
Semantic Memory
Long-term memory of facts, names, dates, concepts
Explicit Memory/Declarative Memory
Memories that can be consciously recollected
Implicit Memory/Nondeclarative memory
Memories that cannot be consciously recollected, but still affect behavior
Mood Congruence
Tendency to better remembers things when associated with a particular emotion
Flashbulb Memories
Memories of specific sights, sounds, details, often in connection to a shocking or rare event
Who studied the science of forgetfulness by using made-up syllables?
Herman Ebbinghaus
Encoding Failure
Forgetting something because it was not stored in long-term memory
Prospective Memory Error
Failure to remember what needs to be done in the future
Decay Theory
The idea that memories create physical structures in the brain which decay over time, leading to forgetfulness
Interference Theory
The idea that we forget memories because other memories interfere with them
What 5 Parts of the brain are involved in memory?
- Prefrontal cortex
- Amygdala
- Cerebellum
- Medial temporal lobe
- Hippocampus
Who (incorrectly) determined that memories were distributed throughout the brain?
Lashley
Who discovered that memory for simple conditioned responses originates in the cerebellum?
Thompson
Engram
Brain changes presumed to occur in long-term memory formation
7 Factors contributing to false memory
- Post-event misinformation
- Forgetting/misremembering source
- Schema distortion (filled in missing details)
- Imagination inflation
- False familiarity
- Blending fact and fiction
- Suggestion
