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Fall 2023 > Psych - Perosnality > Flashcards

Psych - Perosnality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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2
Q

Personality Theory

A

A theory that describes/explains how people are similar/different, and why each person is unique

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3
Q

Who believed that sexuality and aggression were the most powerful human instinct?

A

Freud

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4
Q

Who founded the psychoanalytic personality perspective?

A

Sigmund Freud

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic personality perspective

A

behavior and personality are the result of constant interplay between the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind

Emphasized unconscious motivations

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6
Q

Free Association

A

A tool of psychoanalysis in which the patient reported all thoughts, feelings, and mental images that come to mind.

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7
Q

What are the two main tools psychoanalysts use to reveal the unconscious?

A

Free association
Dream analysis

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8
Q

Id

A

(Part of psychoanalytical personality theory)

Instinctual drive present at birth

Driven by pleasure principle, cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality, immune to logic

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9
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, what are the three sources of energy?

A

Eros : Self-preservation, life(?)
Libido: Sex drive, life (?)
Thanatos: Death/destruction

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10
Q

Reality Principle

A

Ability to delay gratification/suppress desires that are at odds with the demands of the external world

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11
Q

Ego

A

(Part of psychoanalytical personality theory)

Partially-consciousness, rational component of personality, develops during infancy

Acts as mediator between ego and superego

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12
Q

Superego

A

(Part of psychoanalytical personality theory)

Conscience, internalization of parental and societal moral standards

Develops at age 5-6

Responsible for guilt

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13
Q

What are Freud’s five psychosexual stages?

A
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Genital
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14
Q

Freud’s Latency stage

A

Repression of sexual urges, desire to associate w/ same-sex peers

Lasts from age 5-puberty

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15
Q

Freud’s Genital Stage

A

Final stage of Freud’s psychosexual development model, occurs in adolescence

Incestuous urges begin to surface but are suppressed by superego and societal restriction

Person directs urges towards socially acceptable substitutes, who often resemble opposite-sex parent

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16
Q

Neo-Freudians

A

Stress the importance of the unconscious like Freud, but developed different personality theories

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17
Q

Who are the 3 major Neo-Freudians, and what aspect of personality did each focus on?

A

Carl Yung: Archetypes/Collective unconsciousness
Karen Horney: Security/anxiety
Alfred Adler: Individual psychology

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18
Q

Archetypes/Collective unconsciousness

A
  • People are motivated by collective unconsciousness based on evolution
  • Posited by Carl Jung
  • First mention of introverts/extroverts
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19
Q

Basic Anxiety

A

The feeling of being isolated and helpless in a hostile world

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20
Q

Who proposed that women have penis envy?

Who proposed that men have womb envy?

A

Sigmund Freud

Karen Horney

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21
Q

What were the main ideas proposed by Alfred Adler?

A
  • Superiority is the most fundamental human motive
  • Feelings of inferiority motivate people to compensate by emphasizing talents/abilities and working at self-improvement
22
Q

What are 3 strengths and 3 weakness of psychoanalytic perspective on personality?

A

+ Emphasis of the unconsciousness
+ Shows how early life experience affects personal relationships and adjustment later
+ Explains why people have different levels of ability to self-regulate

  • Lack of evidence
  • Not easily testable (too vague/not falsifiable)
  • Sexist
23
Q

Humanistic Perspective on Personality

A
  • Emphasizes free will, self-awareness, and psychological growth, “self-concept”
  • Believes in inherent goodness of humanity
  • Focus on human potential and self-actualization
  • Posits that people need unconditional love to properly develop
24
Q

Who founded the Humanistic perspective on personality?

A

Carl Rogers

25
Q

What are 2 strengths and 3 weakness of humanistic perspective on personality?

A

+ Has made contributions to psychotherapy, counseling, education, and parenting
+ Theories of subjective experience and self-concept are widely accepted

  • Difficult to test/validate scientifically
  • Based on philosophical assumptions rather than empirical research
  • Too optimistic
26
Q

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

A

-Focus on conscious thought, self-regulation, and environmental factors
- Posits that sense of self can very based on situation

27
Q

Who founded Social Cognitive Theory?

A

Albert Bandura

28
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Personality is the result of interactions between behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

29
Q

Trait Perspective on Personality

A

A person is a unique combination of personality characteristics/attributes, “traits”

30
Q

Trait

A

A predisposition to behave in a certain way

31
Q

Trait Theorist

A

A psychologist focused on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions

32
Q

Surface trait

A

Characteristics or attributes that can be inferred from observable behavior

33
Q

Source Trait

A

Most fundamental aspects of personality

Broad, basic traits thought to be universal and few in number

34
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

Founded representative trait theory

Theorized that there were 16 personality factors and created a means of identifying them in people

16 is now considered too many

35
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

Proposed simpler simpler model of universal source traits, using 3 source traits (3 is now considered too few)

Believed that personality differences were caused by biological differences

36
Q

Who invented the 5-factor model of personality traits (“Big 5 Theory”)?

A

McCrae and Costa

37
Q

What are the 5 personality traits measured in the Big 5 Personality Theory?

A
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Neuroticism
  • Openness to experience
38
Q

Psychological Test

A

A test that assesses a person’s abilities, aptitudes, interest, or personality

39
Q

Who developed the inkblot test?

A

Hermann Rorschach

40
Q

Thematic Apperception Test / TAT

A

A projective personality test in which a subject is presented with a photo of a scene and must invent a story about what is happening in the scene

41
Q

What 2 psychologists created the thematic apperception test?

A

Henry Murray
Christina Morgan

42
Q

Temperament

A

General pattern of attention, arousal, and mood

43
Q

Self-Concept / Self-image

A

The perception of one’s own personality traits

44
Q

Preconscious

A

An area of the mind containing information that can be voluntarily brought to awareness

45
Q

Erogenous Zone

A

Any area of the body that produces pleasurable sensation

46
Q

Fixation

A

A lasting conflict developed from frustration or overindulgence

47
Q

Persona

A

“mask” or public self presented to others

48
Q

Expectancy

A

Anticipation of the effect a response will have

49
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Belief in one’s own capacity to produce a desired result

50
Q

Fully functioning person

A

A person living in harmony with their deepest feelings, impulses, and intuitions

Fall 2023 (13 decks)

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