Psych - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
Motivation
Biological, emotional, cognitive, or social force that activates and directs behavior
Emotion
A psychological state involving subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral or expressive response
What are the three basic characteristics of motivation?
- Activation (initiation of behavior)
- Intensity (intensity of response)
- Persistence (Continual efforts)
Instinct Theory
Human behaviors are built-in via evolution/genetics
Became less popular in the 1920s due to lack of evidence
Drive Theory
Behavior is motivated by desire to meet biological needs/restore homeostasis
Drive
In internal motivational state/need
Created by unmet biological needs
Incentive Theory
Motivation is created by the “pull” of external goals
Which four psychologists established the groundwork for incentive motivational theory?
Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Tolman
Who stressed the importance of cognitive function in motivation?
Edward C. Tolman
Arousal Theory
Motivation is generated by the need to reach a balance in levels of arousal/stimuli
both too much and too little stimulus is unpleasant
Sensation Seeking
The pull towards heightened levels of arousal and novel experiences
Which two psychologists developed humanistic theory?
Rogers and Maslow
Humanistic Theory
People are motivated to reach their personal potential
From most to least vital, what are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs
Safety
Belongingness and love
Esteem
Self-Actualization
Can also be categorized as basic needs (physiological/safety), psychological needs (belongingness/esteem), and self-fulfillment needs (self-actualization)
What six characteristics did Maslow associate with self-actualized people?
- Realism and acceptance
- Spontaneity
- Problem centering
- Autonomy
- Continued freshness of appreciation
- Peak experinces
About what time does the body increase insulin production?
Approx. 30 min before eating
Ghrelin
Hormone found in stomach lining, stimulates appetite
Sensory-specific satiety
Reduced desire to continue eating a particular food
Cholecystokinin / CCK
Hormone that slows the rate at which the stomach empties and induces satiety
Leptin
Hormone that indicates amount of fat in the body
Reduces food intake, intensifies satiety-producing effects of CCK
Neuropeptide Y
Neurotransmitter regulated by insulin and Leptin
triggers eating, reduces metabolism, and promotes fat sotrage
Which hormones/neurotransmitters increase appetite?
Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y
Which 3 hormones suppress appetite?
CCK, insulin, leptin
Set-point theory
The body has an optimal weight that it defends from becoming higher or lower
