Anatomy Unit 1-2 Flashcards
1
Q
9 Types of Cell Shape
A
- Squamous (flat)
- Columnar
- Cuboidal
- Polygonal
- Spheroid
- Discoid
- Fusiform (spindle-shaped)
- Fibrous
- Stellate (Star-shaped)
2
Q
Squamous cells
A
Flat, scale-like cells
Found in skin/mucous membranes
3
Q
Cuboidal Cells
A
(roughly) Cube-shaped cells
Found in liver
4
Q
Columnar Cells
A
Tall rectangular cells
Found in intestinal/lung lining
5
Q
Polygonal Cell
A
Irregularly angled-shaped cells
Found in Adipose tissue
6
Q
Stellate Cells
A
Cell with large centers and radiating tendrils
Found in Neurons
7
Q
Spheroid
A
Round cells
Found as ova and white blood cells
8
Q
Discoid Cell
A
Disc-shaped cells
Found as red blood cells
9
Q
Fusiform Cells
A
Spindle- or toothpick-shaped cells; elongated with a thick middle and tapered ends
Found in smooth muscle
10
Q
Fibrous Cells
A
Long, slender, thread like cells
Found in skeletal muscle
11
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissue
12
Q
Tissue
A
A mass of the same type of cell that performs a specific function
13
Q
4 types of tissues
A
- Muscle
- Nervous
- Connective
- Epithelial
14
Q
5 universal traits of muscle tissues
A
- Responsiveness to stimuli (excitability)
- Conductivity of excitation/stimuli
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
15
Q
Smooth Muscle shape
A
Spindle-shaped, nonstriated, uninucleate (single nucleus)
16
Q
Cardiac Muscle Shape
A
Striated (striped), branched, uninucleate (single nucleus)
17
Q
Skeletal Muscle Shape
A
Striated (striped), tubular/fibrous, multinucleated (multiple nuclei)
18
Q
Basement Membrane
A
A layer of protein-carbohydrate substance that separates epithelial and connective tissues
19
Q
Goblet Cell
A
A cell that secretes protective mucus over the surface of epithelial cells
20
Q
Exfoliation
A
Shedding of epithelial cells from stratified squamous epithelium
21
Q
Keratinized Epithelium
A
A epithelium where layers of dead epithelial cells cover the living ones
Found on the external skin
22
Q
8 Functions of Connective Tissue
A
- Binding organs
- Heat production
- Storage
- Transport
- Support
- Physical Protection
- Immune protection
- Movement
23
Q
3 Types of fibrous connective tissue
A
- Fibroblasts
- Immune cells
- Adipocytes
24
Q
What is made of collagenous fibers? (4 Answers)
A
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Dermis
- Matrix of cartilage and bones
25
Where are elastic fibers found? (3 answers)
Lungs, skin, and arteries
26
Reticular Fibers
Fibers coated with glycoprotein. Forms spongelike framework
Found in spleen, lymph nodes, and basement membrane
27
Areolar Tissue
Connective tissue consisting of loose fibers
Found in blood vessels, skin, and both serous and mucous membranes
28
From deep to superficial, what are the layers of the epidermis?
Stratum Basale ("Base")
Stratus Spinosum (Spine)
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
29
Friction Ridges
Ridges on the skin that cause finger and toe prints
30
Mole
An elevated patch of melanized skin
31
Flexion Lines
Places where the skin folds around joints
32
Pilus
Another word for hair
33
Dermal Papilla
capillaries that provide the hair/pilus with nutrition
34
Hair matrix
A hair's growth center
35
Epicchonium
The narrow ridge of dead skin hanging over the nail root, the cuticle
36
In what part of the nail are new nail cells grown?
Nail matrix
37
Eccrine Glands
Body sweat glands responsible for cooling
38
Apocrine Glands
Sweat glands found in the axilla, groin, anus, areola, and beard
Produce sweat for the purpose of scent
39
Mammary glands are modified versions of what glands?
Apocrine glands
40
Which two layers of the epidermis contain dendritic/immune cells?
Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum
41
Dendritic cells
Immune cells of the epidermis, located in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum
42
Merkel cells
Tactile skin cells
43
Which stratum of the epidermis is absent in most places?
Stratum Lucidum
44
Which stratum of the epidermis is thickest on the palms and soles?
Which is thickest everywhere else?
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Spinosum
45
Spicules
Trabeculae
Thin slivers of bone tissue
Thin plates of bone tissue
Both found in spongy bone
46
Comminuted Fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken in 2 or more places
47
Compound Fracture
An open fracture
48
Foramen
A hole in a bone (the bone itself, not the bone tissue) that allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves
49
Sesamoid Bone
A bone found embedded in muscle or tendons near a joint surface in response to stress
50
Condyle
A bulb on the end of a bone that articulates with another bone
51
Sulcus
A groove or furrow
52
Parietal Bone
Bone that forms the top/sides of the skull
53
Occipital Bone
Bone that forms the back of the skull
54
Lambdoid Suture
Suture that connects the parietal and occipital bones
55
Sagittal Suture
Suture that connects the two parietal bones
56
Vomer
Bone that separates the nares
57
Sella Turcia
A depression in the sphenoid bone of the skull, contains the pituitary gland
58
Which 6 bones help form the eye socket?
Lacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone
Frontal Bone
Maxilla
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid Bone
59
Coronal Suture
Suture that separates the frontal and parietal bones
60
Which Suture separates the parietal and temporal bones?
Squamous suture
61
What is the joint between the cranium and atlas?
Atlanto-occipital joint
62
What feature is exclusive to axis?
A dens/odontoid process
A prominent anterior knob
63
Which vertebrae have a bifid(forked) tip in the spinous process?
Cervical
64
The venous arteries travel through what holes in the vertebrae?
Transverse formina
65
Which ribs are the true ribs?
Which are the false ribs?
Which are the floating ribs?
Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs
66
What is the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum?
Costal cartilage
67
What is the point where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet?
Angle
68
What is the gelatinous tissue inside an intervertebral disc?
Nucleus Pulposis
69
The outer ring of an intervertebral disc
Annulus Fibrosis
70
What is the platelike portion of the posterior vertebra?
Lamina
71
What are the projections on the sides of the vertebra?
Transverse Processes
72
What is the bone that sticks out on the lateral side of the ankle?
Talus
73
What is the wrist bone below the base of the thumb?
Scaphoid
74
What is the bone inside the tongue?
Hyoid bone
75
What bone lies between the parietal and occipital bones?
Sutural Bone
76
What are the points of articulation between the mandible and the temporal bone?
Condylar Process (on mandible)
77
What is the notch on the scapula where it articulates with the clavicle?
Acromion
78
What is the notch on the scapula where it articulates with the humerus?
Glenoid cavity
79
What is the socket in the pelvis that articulates with the femur
Acetabulum
80
What bone forms the heel?
Calcaneus
81
What is the foramen on either side of the pelvis?
Obturator foramen
82
Chondyle
The protuberance at the end of a bone, most often for articulating with a joint
83
What is the point of articulation between the femur and the patella?
Patellar Surface
84
Tubercule
A small, rounded prominence with connective tissue attached
85
What is the most prominent feature of the posterior of the femur?
Linea Aspera
86
What is the medial condyle of the humerus?
What is the lateral condyle of the humerus?
Trochlea
Capitulum
87
What is the protuberance on the lateral side of the fibula?
Lateral malleolus
88
What is the point where the ulna fits into the humerus?
Trochlear notch
89
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses and symphyses
90
What type of joint joins bones using fibrous connective tissue?
Fibrous joints
91
Which type of joint joins bones using hyaline cartilage?
Synchondroses
92
What are the 4 main categories of joints?
What are the 3 functional categories of joints?
Bony, Cartilaginous, fibrous, and synovial
Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
93
Which fibrous joint consists of strong membrane or ligaments?
Syndesmosis
94
What is another name for a bony joint?
Synostosis
95
All fibrous joint are in what functional category?
Synarthrosis (immobile)
96
What type of cartilaginous joint is made of fibrocartilage
Symphesis
97
