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Fall 2023 > Anatomy Unit 1-2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Unit 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

9 Types of Cell Shape

A
  • Squamous (flat)
  • Columnar
  • Cuboidal
  • Polygonal
  • Spheroid
  • Discoid
  • Fusiform (spindle-shaped)
  • Fibrous
  • Stellate (Star-shaped)
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2
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flat, scale-like cells
Found in skin/mucous membranes

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3
Q

Cuboidal Cells

A

(roughly) Cube-shaped cells
Found in liver

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4
Q

Columnar Cells

A

Tall rectangular cells
Found in intestinal/lung lining

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5
Q

Polygonal Cell

A

Irregularly angled-shaped cells
Found in Adipose tissue

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6
Q

Stellate Cells

A

Cell with large centers and radiating tendrils
Found in Neurons

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7
Q

Spheroid

A

Round cells
Found as ova and white blood cells

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8
Q

Discoid Cell

A

Disc-shaped cells
Found as red blood cells

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9
Q

Fusiform Cells

A

Spindle- or toothpick-shaped cells; elongated with a thick middle and tapered ends

Found in smooth muscle

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10
Q

Fibrous Cells

A

Long, slender, thread like cells

Found in skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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12
Q

Tissue

A

A mass of the same type of cell that performs a specific function

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13
Q

4 types of tissues

A
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
  • Connective
  • Epithelial
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14
Q

5 universal traits of muscle tissues

A
  • Responsiveness to stimuli (excitability)
  • Conductivity of excitation/stimuli
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
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15
Q

Smooth Muscle shape

A

Spindle-shaped, nonstriated, uninucleate (single nucleus)

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16
Q

Cardiac Muscle Shape

A

Striated (striped), branched, uninucleate (single nucleus)

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17
Q

Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Striated (striped), tubular/fibrous, multinucleated (multiple nuclei)

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18
Q

Basement Membrane

A

A layer of protein-carbohydrate substance that separates epithelial and connective tissues

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19
Q

Goblet Cell

A

A cell that secretes protective mucus over the surface of epithelial cells

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20
Q

Exfoliation

A

Shedding of epithelial cells from stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

Keratinized Epithelium

A

A epithelium where layers of dead epithelial cells cover the living ones

Found on the external skin

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22
Q

8 Functions of Connective Tissue

A
  • Binding organs
  • Heat production
  • Storage
  • Transport
  • Support
  • Physical Protection
  • Immune protection
  • Movement
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23
Q

3 Types of fibrous connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Immune cells
  • Adipocytes
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24
Q

What is made of collagenous fibers? (4 Answers)

A
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Dermis
  • Matrix of cartilage and bones
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25
Q

Where are elastic fibers found? (3 answers)

A

Lungs, skin, and arteries

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26
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

Fibers coated with glycoprotein. Forms spongelike framework
Found in spleen, lymph nodes, and basement membrane

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27
Q

Areolar Tissue

A

Connective tissue consisting of loose fibers
Found in blood vessels, skin, and both serous and mucous membranes

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28
Q

From deep to superficial, what are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Basale (“Base”)
Stratus Spinosum (Spine)
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum

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29
Q

Friction Ridges

A

Ridges on the skin that cause finger and toe prints

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30
Q

Mole

A

An elevated patch of melanized skin

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31
Q

Flexion Lines

A

Places where the skin folds around joints

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32
Q

Pilus

A

Another word for hair

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33
Q

Dermal Papilla

A

capillaries that provide the hair/pilus with nutrition

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34
Q

Hair matrix

A

A hair’s growth center

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35
Q

Epicchonium

A

The narrow ridge of dead skin hanging over the nail root, the cuticle

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36
Q

In what part of the nail are new nail cells grown?

A

Nail matrix

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37
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Body sweat glands responsible for cooling

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38
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sweat glands found in the axilla, groin, anus, areola, and beard
Produce sweat for the purpose of scent

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39
Q

Mammary glands are modified versions of what glands?

A

Apocrine glands

40
Q

Which two layers of the epidermis contain dendritic/immune cells?

A

Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

41
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Immune cells of the epidermis, located in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum

42
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile skin cells

43
Q

Which stratum of the epidermis is absent in most places?

A

Stratum Lucidum

44
Q

Which stratum of the epidermis is thickest on the palms and soles?

Which is thickest everywhere else?

A

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Spinosum

45
Q

Spicules

Trabeculae

A

Thin slivers of bone tissue

Thin plates of bone tissue

Both found in spongy bone

46
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is broken in 2 or more places

47
Q

Compound Fracture

A

An open fracture

48
Q

Foramen

A

A hole in a bone (the bone itself, not the bone tissue) that allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves

49
Q

Sesamoid Bone

A

A bone found embedded in muscle or tendons near a joint surface in response to stress

50
Q

Condyle

A

A bulb on the end of a bone that articulates with another bone

51
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove or furrow

52
Q

Parietal Bone

A

Bone that forms the top/sides of the skull

53
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Bone that forms the back of the skull

54
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Suture that connects the parietal and occipital bones

55
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Suture that connects the two parietal bones

56
Q

Vomer

A

Bone that separates the nares

57
Q

Sella Turcia

A

A depression in the sphenoid bone of the skull, contains the pituitary gland

58
Q

Which 6 bones help form the eye socket?

A

Lacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone
Frontal Bone
Maxilla
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid Bone

59
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Suture that separates the frontal and parietal bones

60
Q

Which Suture separates the parietal and temporal bones?

A

Squamous suture

61
Q

What is the joint between the cranium and atlas?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

62
Q

What feature is exclusive to axis?

A

A dens/odontoid process
A prominent anterior knob

63
Q

Which vertebrae have a bifid(forked) tip in the spinous process?

A

Cervical

64
Q

The venous arteries travel through what holes in the vertebrae?

A

Transverse formina

65
Q

Which ribs are the true ribs?
Which are the false ribs?
Which are the floating ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs

66
Q

What is the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilage

67
Q

What is the point where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet?

A

Angle

68
Q

What is the gelatinous tissue inside an intervertebral disc?

A

Nucleus Pulposis

69
Q

The outer ring of an intervertebral disc

A

Annulus Fibrosis

70
Q

What is the platelike portion of the posterior vertebra?

A

Lamina

71
Q

What are the projections on the sides of the vertebra?

A

Transverse Processes

72
Q

What is the bone that sticks out on the lateral side of the ankle?

A

Talus

73
Q

What is the wrist bone below the base of the thumb?

A

Scaphoid

74
Q

What is the bone inside the tongue?

A

Hyoid bone

75
Q

What bone lies between the parietal and occipital bones?

A

Sutural Bone

76
Q

What are the points of articulation between the mandible and the temporal bone?

A

Condylar Process (on mandible)

77
Q

What is the notch on the scapula where it articulates with the clavicle?

A

Acromion

78
Q

What is the notch on the scapula where it articulates with the humerus?

A

Glenoid cavity

79
Q

What is the socket in the pelvis that articulates with the femur

A

Acetabulum

80
Q

What bone forms the heel?

A

Calcaneus

81
Q

What is the foramen on either side of the pelvis?

A

Obturator foramen

82
Q

Chondyle

A

The protuberance at the end of a bone, most often for articulating with a joint

83
Q

What is the point of articulation between the femur and the patella?

A

Patellar Surface

84
Q

Tubercule

A

A small, rounded prominence with connective tissue attached

85
Q

What is the most prominent feature of the posterior of the femur?

A

Linea Aspera

86
Q

What is the medial condyle of the humerus?

What is the lateral condyle of the humerus?

A

Trochlea

Capitulum

87
Q

What is the protuberance on the lateral side of the fibula?

A

Lateral malleolus

88
Q

What is the point where the ulna fits into the humerus?

A

Trochlear notch

89
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and symphyses

90
Q

What type of joint joins bones using fibrous connective tissue?

A

Fibrous joints

91
Q

Which type of joint joins bones using hyaline cartilage?

A

Synchondroses

92
Q

What are the 4 main categories of joints?

What are the 3 functional categories of joints?

A

Bony, Cartilaginous, fibrous, and synovial

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

93
Q

Which fibrous joint consists of strong membrane or ligaments?

A

Syndesmosis

94
Q

What is another name for a bony joint?

A

Synostosis

95
Q

All fibrous joint are in what functional category?

A

Synarthrosis (immobile)

96
Q

What type of cartilaginous joint is made of fibrocartilage

A

Symphesis

97
Q
A

Fall 2023 (13 decks)

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