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LS MRPSYCH > Pyschiatry Social > Flashcards

Pyschiatry Social Flashcards

1
Q

what is winnicot theory

A

good enoiugh –> provide adequate mothering
hcildren develop independence with mother/caregiver as protector

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2
Q

what is the paranoid schizoposition

A

fears develop such as death, hunger, frusration and deevelop splitting such as good and bad to protect themself

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3
Q

what are phonemes

A

basic speech
46 sounds in english

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4
Q

morphemes

A

meaningful parts of speech
synatax is when rules for combining words

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5
Q

what is spitz anclitic depression

A

object loss
if babie seperated from mother for more than 3 months

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6
Q

what is privation

A

no attachment formed with parent
rare

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7
Q

what is bandura theory

A

observaiton imitation and modelling

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8
Q

what are the four stages of grief with respect to bowlby

A

shock/disbelief
yearning/seacthing
despair /disorganisation
resolution/reorganisation

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9
Q

what is kuble ross stages of grief

A

5 1969

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

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10
Q

what is abraham maslows heriachy

A

5 levels

  1. se;f actualisation - one potential, hobbies
  2. esteem - accomplishment, prestige
  3. belonging/love
  4. safety - security, financial, safety
  5. physiological -food ,warer ,rest
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11
Q

what is the model of maslow involving 8 stages

A

motivational model
split into deficiency needs and growth needs

growth needs:

transdence
self actualisation
aesthetics
cognitive

deficency :

esteem
love
safety
phsyiologicals

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12
Q

what is transdence

A

values beyond the self
e.g. sexual, science, religion

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13
Q

what is gesalt psychology and who founded

A

wlhelm wundht
founder of structulisam
break thoughts into components e.g. how are they connection

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14
Q

what did max wertheimer discover

A

phi phenomonia
rapid sequences creates illusion like movemen t

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15
Q

what did skinner develop

A

operant conditioning

refinrocement and punishement
aim was to increase good ebhaviour and stimuli that decreases the likeliness of the behaviour

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16
Q

what are 1o and secondary reinforces

A

intinstical desires such as food water, sex

2ndary is like money

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17
Q

what is the difference between fixed /variable interval and ratio

A

fixed interval- reward after fixed time
variable interval - rward adfter varying time
fixed ratio - reward after bahviour specific no. times
variable ratio -rward after behaviour random no of. times

ratio -brhavioiur x number of times
interval -is time realted

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18
Q

what is shaping and chaining

A

shaping - always forward
reward
successision
chaining - a task into more manageable tasks /sections

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19
Q

what is escape conditioning

A

when the process acquires a respnse that leads to termination of an averse sitmuli. e.g. monkey leanrs that pulling a string eliminates a loud noise

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20
Q

avoidance conditoning is when

A

certain behaviour leads to avoidance of a specific stimulus for example procrasination

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21
Q

what is habituation

A

the repeated stimuli leads to decrease effectiveness of it over time
repeated exposure

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22
Q

senstisation

A

indviidual is more responsive to most stimuli after being exposed to unusually strong/painful stimuli

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23
Q

what is selective memory

A

bottleneck process
in which unwanted info is filtered out at higher level processing

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24
Q

tresiman attenttion theory includes 2 stages

A

the filter is replaced with an attentutor with a dictionary unit and then goes into memory
selective based on specfiic words
the rest are weakened but not filtered out

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25
Q

what are the three categories of aggression

A
  1. psychodynamic
    1. sociological
  3. cognitive
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26
Q

what is the psychodyanmic theory associated with aggression

A

thanos -death
eros -life
from freud

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27
Q

what is catharsis

A

let of steam
process of discharging energy to feel calm to protect from self destruction

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28
Q

who came up with the socialogical lorenz

A

birds
instinctual in response to biological stimuli

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29
Q

the cognitive
neoassociation theory

A

berkowitz
adverse events
lead to onset of aggressive feelings or behaviour

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30
Q

what did bandura propose

A

children imitate what they have seen

two groups
children who were abused vs those who were cared gently
left with doodoo dolls and toys taken away to induce frustration –> those with agressive parents more likely to be aggressive with the dolls

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31
Q

What is Rotters SLT

A

people seek positive stimulation
people avoid negative stimulation

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32
Q

what is locus of control

A

iternal
-blame self
external- blame others

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33
Q

what are the categories for memory

A

sensory
short term
long term.

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34
Q

what is sensory split into

A

haptic -touch
echoic -hearing
iconic -sight

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35
Q

short term memory is split into

A

working
declarative /explict - divided into somatic and episodic

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36
Q

long term memory is

A

implict non declarative
split into
procedural
asociative
non associative
priming

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37
Q

what is the difference between somatic and episodic memory

A

somatic : FACTs and figures concteputal memory stored in the brain

episodic memory - associated with events that take place in life of individual

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38
Q

what is atkinson and shiffsin multistore model

A

input to sensory memory to short term to long term with fluctation between s/l TERM

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39
Q

what is stigma

A

signs of discredit or disgrace which sets a person apart from others

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40
Q

what is horney stigma

A

womb envy

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41
Q

barton envy

A

institutional

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42
Q

what is melaine klein theory

A

splitting
paranoid shizoid
degressive
splitting

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43
Q

what is thorndike law of effet

A

tendency of an action to occur depends on effect it has on enviroment

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44
Q

a pleasurable action leads to

A

strengtheed outcome
action leading to discomfort less likely

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45
Q

```

~~~

what is trait theory

A

split into three
personality
level 1:cardinal -leading factors (rare)
level 2 central (most people_
level 3 secondary traits

gordon alport

central traits work together to shape someones personality
strength of specific traits which work to form a personality around 5-10 per person

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46
Q

example of cardinal trait

A

good/charitable
mother thersea

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47
Q

who discovered dementia parecox

A

also known as manic depression
kraepec

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48
Q

who discovered schizophrenia

A

bleuler

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49
Q

hebenphrenia

A

hecker

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50
Q

catatonia

A

kahlbaum

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51
Q

who discovered demetia pecoce

A

morel

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52
Q

who termed schizoaffective

A

kasanion

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53
Q

who terms neurasthesia

A

beard

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54
Q

uni/bipolar

A

kleist

55
Q

hypnosis

A

briad

56
Q

group dyanmics

A

lewin

57
Q

psychotherapy

A

moreno

58
Q

who was bangalia

A

italian
development of community mH Services
SHOULD INTEGRETE social structure and humans rights
influenced policies

59
Q

difference in anterograde and retrograde memory

A

anterografe - inability to create new memories

retrograde - loss of previous memories prior to onset of injuries affect episodic more than sematic

60
Q
A
61
Q

1.

transient global amnesia

A

usually over 50
recvoers within 24 houra

62
Q
A
63
Q

lacunar amnesia

A

situation specific
gap from trauma –> ptsd
semantic -form of problems with lanfguage

64
Q

what as thomas scaz theory

A

critcism of the mH system
social construct rather than biological disease
in the 1920s-2010
a way to exert control over people with a label
advocated for autonomy and rights

65
Q

what did laing come out with

A

he challenged traditional ways and emphasised importance of understanding subjective experience
response to dsyfunctional families

66
Q

michael foincault

A

french guy who examinated how psychuiatry institutes exert control and discipiline over people

67
Q

what is attribution theory

A

framework necessary to understand how individuals epxlain why events n their enviroment happen
for examoke
casual explanation

proe to fundamental attributition error where they focus on other peoples behaviour and blame rather than considering othe rfactors

68
Q

actor observer bias

A

how behaviour viewed differently between observer and actor
e.g. patient and doctor

69
Q

self serving bias

A

refer to peoples tendencies to attribute their successes to internal factors and failures to external factors

‘i won’ i was good athelet
‘failed’ the referee was unfair

70
Q

hostile attiribution bias

A

focuses on others behaviour as hostile rather than benign and focuses on that to intepretation of others

71
Q

false consesus effect

A

tendency to project way of thinking onto others
assume their way is&raquo_space;»

72
Q

what happened in beecher study

A

2o cases of research where subjects erent informed
willbank school
children with ld GIVEN HEPATITIS infection via
in vaccinne and gamma golbulin to treat

73
Q

what is bions group dynamics

A

a group have collectively unconscious which operate in a similar way to the individual

nderlying, unconscious mentalities determine a group’s capacity to achieve its purposes

74
Q

three factors contributing to bions

A

fight fight
pairing
dependency

75
Q

bysrander affect

A

someone u know
male lots of others
danger (less likely to help)

76
Q

classification of social class

A

1 professional
11 intermediate
111 manual/clerical
1v semi skilled
v - unskilled

77
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

unpleasant feeling experienced when fonlict within an individual belief, attitude and behaviour.

78
Q

example of classicial conditioning

A

the pavlov dog
respond to stimuli ( operant)

79
Q

in pavlov dog what is the unconditioned stimuli

A

bone

unconditioned response - salivating dog with food

80
Q

what is the neutral stimuli

A

the bell

81
Q

what is the conditioned response

A

dogs salivating with the ringing bell

82
Q

what is extinction

A

if conditioned stimuli (bell) presented without unconditioned response (bone)
eventually the conditioned response will disappear

83
Q

what is high order conditioning

A

a second step
e.g.
cat tin opener and food
then door and tin opener so cat salvates
door - salviating cat

84
Q

foward conditioning

A

conditioned stimuli procedes unconditined stimuli to sginal unconditional will follow

85
Q

temperal conditioning

A

time intervals

86
Q

aversive conditioning

counter conditioning

A

averse - unpleasant stimuli and unwanted behaviour

counter conditioning - different task to previous response

87
Q

What is tuskgee study

A

syphilis experinment
african americian farmer with syphilis not given treatment and died

88
Q

what was the rosenhan study

A

pseudopatients

89
Q

tea room study by humphreys

A

hung around tea rooms to observe men who had sex with men in toilets

90
Q

miligram study

A

authority obedience shcoks

91
Q

stanford prison study

A

simulated prison enviroment
24 matuee students
associated prisoner or guard
in 1/2 days became assigned a role. guards more harsh.

92
Q

what is the lisbon declaration

A

the rights of p[atients to access information and make free decisions

93
Q

ottawa

A

health and wellbeing of children

94
Q

what is the malta declaration

A

ethical management of hunger strikes
respects autonomy

95
Q

tokoyo declaration

A

doctors do not condome in use of cruel inhumane teatment of prisoners

96
Q

helsinki

A

ethical medical resarch including consejnt

97
Q

what is the genvea declaration

A

hippocratic oath
in response to W11 atrocities

98
Q

depression (brownand harins study)

A

458 london women
Risk factor:
3 or more under 14
lack of employment
lack of intimate relationship
loss of mother < 11

99
Q

what is the diathesis -stress model

A

nueutr and nature –> ones behaviour

genetics and enviroment

100
Q

what is double agentry

A

conflict of interest intefers with ability to act solely in patients best interest

101
Q

what is the tarasoff case

A

in calfornia
2 therapists did not tell a lady their patiient expressed thoughts to kill her. did not edisclose.
now legal duty to patient and victim to tell.

102
Q

what said that emotion is result of bodily sensation

A

james lange

103
Q

what said event then emotion and phsyical change

A

cannonbard/thalams

104
Q

who disocevered thought is first then emotion

A

lazarus

105
Q

what did signer shcahcter propose

A

2 step process
physical sensation and then mind apprasial
(context)

106
Q

what was erving goffman involved in disocver

A

self in daily life
stigma (term)
asylum

107
Q

what is ribots law

A

retreoograde manesia
forgetting is not uniform
recent memories more vulnerable and provides insight into consolidation

108
Q

jost law

A

older memory forgotten more slowly

109
Q

what makes up freud theory

A

iD
ego
super ego

110
Q

what is ID

A

the animal
instinct
nature
unresponsive to social cues
strong emotions
short term thnking
inner child/devil
libido
pleasure/desire driven/temptation

111
Q

what is the ego

A

the external part we see but often extension of Id
with external reality
can be torn between Id and Super ego
psych and word balance

112
Q

what is the super ego?

A

conscience
‘i should’
integrated of should/shouldnt
moral codes
guilt and shame
steer away from bad
‘angel’
socially acceptable manner

113
Q

what is the goldstein schere object sort test

A

assess abstract thinking and how concepts are formed
group/sort objects

114
Q

what is groupshift

A

the phenomen where position of individual members of the group are exagerrated to more extreme
i.e. risk taking in group

115
Q

what is the halo affect (thorndicke)

A

cognitive bias
where positive impression in one area influenced the judgement
in another i.e. well dressed person iassume they are intelligent

116
Q

horn effect

A

opposite of halo
i.e. poor hygeine thereofre poor compliance with medication

117
Q

what is the hawthorne effect

A

observer bias
change in behavour if feel being watched

118
Q

what is a HCR-20

A

assessment risk assessment tool for past, present future for violenece
20 items on a 3 point scale

119
Q

what is framing ?

A

reaching to a choice differently depending on how info is presented e.g. 95% fail, 5% pass

120
Q

anchoring and adjustment

A

focusing on features in patient presentation too early in diagnostic and fixate on that

121
Q

tversky and kahenman

A

engineer and lawers
stereotyped proability is one or other

122
Q

base rate neglect

A

false positive> true psositive
when incident is ignored and nto appliable to patient

123
Q

diagnostic montenum

A

continuing a previous clinical course despite evidence/info afailable e.g. senior made a plan

124
Q

interpreting dreams who?

A

freud

125
Q

difference between semantic and pragmatic

A

semantic meaning of word
pragmantic - tone, volume, knowing when your turn to speak

126
Q

what is socialc apital

A

glue of societies and those lacking it may lead to increase mI

features of social life -> network, norms, trust, partipciants work together to reach shared adjectives

127
Q

parsons discovered

A

sick role has conflicting to reovery from illness alongist enjoying secondary gains

128
Q

sally anne test

A

sally put marbles in a basket and left room
annathen removes and put in the box
autistic children underable to understand that sally doesnt know the marbles now in box

128
Q

what is pygamalion effect

A

children iq test better expected to do better so teachers will invest more in and positive investment in

129
Q

what is parapaxis

A

slip of the tongue
repressed unconscious mind

130
Q

nuremberg code -

A

german physician accused on taking part in war crime
experiments on camp prisoners without consent

131
Q

premacks principle

A

preferred behaviour can reinforce unpreferred behavioir e.g. dessert once eaten mains

132
Q

ekman emotions

A

happy
fear
surprised
disgust
ange
rsadness

LS MRPSYCH (10 decks)

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