Pyschiatry Social Flashcards
what is winnicot theory
good enoiugh –> provide adequate mothering
hcildren develop independence with mother/caregiver as protector
what is the paranoid schizoposition
fears develop such as death, hunger, frusration and deevelop splitting such as good and bad to protect themself
what are phonemes
basic speech
46 sounds in english
morphemes
meaningful parts of speech
synatax is when rules for combining words
what is spitz anclitic depression
object loss
if babie seperated from mother for more than 3 months
what is privation
no attachment formed with parent
rare
what is bandura theory
observaiton imitation and modelling
what are the four stages of grief with respect to bowlby
shock/disbelief
yearning/seacthing
despair /disorganisation
resolution/reorganisation
what is kuble ross stages of grief
5 1969
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
what is abraham maslows heriachy
5 levels
- se;f actualisation - one potential, hobbies
- esteem - accomplishment, prestige
- belonging/love
- safety - security, financial, safety
- physiological -food ,warer ,rest
what is the model of maslow involving 8 stages
motivational model
split into deficiency needs and growth needs
growth needs:
transdence
self actualisation
aesthetics
cognitive
deficency :
esteem
love
safety
phsyiologicals
what is transdence
values beyond the self
e.g. sexual, science, religion
what is gesalt psychology and who founded
wlhelm wundht
founder of structulisam
break thoughts into components e.g. how are they connection
what did max wertheimer discover
phi phenomonia
rapid sequences creates illusion like movemen t
what did skinner develop
operant conditioning
refinrocement and punishement
aim was to increase good ebhaviour and stimuli that decreases the likeliness of the behaviour
what are 1o and secondary reinforces
intinstical desires such as food water, sex
2ndary is like money
what is the difference between fixed /variable interval and ratio
fixed interval- reward after fixed time
variable interval - rward adfter varying time
fixed ratio - reward after bahviour specific no. times
variable ratio -rward after behaviour random no of. times
ratio -brhavioiur x number of times
interval -is time realted
what is shaping and chaining
shaping - always forward
reward
successision
chaining - a task into more manageable tasks /sections
what is escape conditioning
when the process acquires a respnse that leads to termination of an averse sitmuli. e.g. monkey leanrs that pulling a string eliminates a loud noise
avoidance conditoning is when
certain behaviour leads to avoidance of a specific stimulus for example procrasination
what is habituation
the repeated stimuli leads to decrease effectiveness of it over time
repeated exposure
senstisation
indviidual is more responsive to most stimuli after being exposed to unusually strong/painful stimuli
what is selective memory
bottleneck process
in which unwanted info is filtered out at higher level processing
tresiman attenttion theory includes 2 stages
the filter is replaced with an attentutor with a dictionary unit and then goes into memory
selective based on specfiic words
the rest are weakened but not filtered out
what are the three categories of aggression
- psychodynamic
- sociological
- cognitive
what is the psychodyanmic theory associated with aggression
thanos -death
eros -life
from freud
what is catharsis
let of steam
process of discharging energy to feel calm to protect from self destruction
who came up with the socialogical lorenz
birds
instinctual in response to biological stimuli
the cognitive
neoassociation theory
berkowitz
adverse events
lead to onset of aggressive feelings or behaviour
what did bandura propose
children imitate what they have seen
two groups
children who were abused vs those who were cared gently
left with doodoo dolls and toys taken away to induce frustration –> those with agressive parents more likely to be aggressive with the dolls
What is Rotters SLT
people seek positive stimulation
people avoid negative stimulation
what is locus of control
iternal
-blame self
external- blame others
what are the categories for memory
sensory
short term
long term.
what is sensory split into
haptic -touch
echoic -hearing
iconic -sight
short term memory is split into
working
declarative /explict - divided into somatic and episodic
long term memory is
implict non declarative
split into
procedural
asociative
non associative
priming
what is the difference between somatic and episodic memory
somatic : FACTs and figures concteputal memory stored in the brain
episodic memory - associated with events that take place in life of individual
what is atkinson and shiffsin multistore model
input to sensory memory to short term to long term with fluctation between s/l TERM
what is stigma
signs of discredit or disgrace which sets a person apart from others
what is horney stigma
womb envy
barton envy
institutional
what is melaine klein theory
splitting
paranoid shizoid
degressive
splitting
what is thorndike law of effet
tendency of an action to occur depends on effect it has on enviroment
a pleasurable action leads to
strengtheed outcome
action leading to discomfort less likely
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what is trait theory
split into three
personality
level 1:cardinal -leading factors (rare)
level 2 central (most people_
level 3 secondary traits
gordon alport
central traits work together to shape someones personality
strength of specific traits which work to form a personality around 5-10 per person
example of cardinal trait
good/charitable
mother thersea
who discovered dementia parecox
also known as manic depression
kraepec
who discovered schizophrenia
bleuler
hebenphrenia
hecker
catatonia
kahlbaum
who discovered demetia pecoce
morel
who termed schizoaffective
kasanion
who terms neurasthesia
beard
uni/bipolar
kleist
hypnosis
briad
group dyanmics
lewin
psychotherapy
moreno
who was bangalia
italian
development of community mH Services
SHOULD INTEGRETE social structure and humans rights
influenced policies
difference in anterograde and retrograde memory
anterografe - inability to create new memories
retrograde - loss of previous memories prior to onset of injuries affect episodic more than sematic
1.
transient global amnesia
usually over 50
recvoers within 24 houra
lacunar amnesia
situation specific
gap from trauma –> ptsd
semantic -form of problems with lanfguage
what as thomas scaz theory
critcism of the mH system
social construct rather than biological disease
in the 1920s-2010
a way to exert control over people with a label
advocated for autonomy and rights
what did laing come out with
he challenged traditional ways and emphasised importance of understanding subjective experience
response to dsyfunctional families
michael foincault
french guy who examinated how psychuiatry institutes exert control and discipiline over people
what is attribution theory
framework necessary to understand how individuals epxlain why events n their enviroment happen
for examoke
casual explanation
proe to fundamental attributition error where they focus on other peoples behaviour and blame rather than considering othe rfactors
actor observer bias
how behaviour viewed differently between observer and actor
e.g. patient and doctor
self serving bias
refer to peoples tendencies to attribute their successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
‘i won’ i was good athelet
‘failed’ the referee was unfair
hostile attiribution bias
focuses on others behaviour as hostile rather than benign and focuses on that to intepretation of others
false consesus effect
tendency to project way of thinking onto others
assume their way is»_space;»
what happened in beecher study
2o cases of research where subjects erent informed
willbank school
children with ld GIVEN HEPATITIS infection via
in vaccinne and gamma golbulin to treat
what is bions group dynamics
a group have collectively unconscious which operate in a similar way to the individual
nderlying, unconscious mentalities determine a group’s capacity to achieve its purposes
three factors contributing to bions
fight fight
pairing
dependency
bysrander affect
someone u know
male lots of others
danger (less likely to help)
classification of social class
1 professional
11 intermediate
111 manual/clerical
1v semi skilled
v - unskilled
what is cognitive dissonance
unpleasant feeling experienced when fonlict within an individual belief, attitude and behaviour.
example of classicial conditioning
the pavlov dog
respond to stimuli ( operant)
in pavlov dog what is the unconditioned stimuli
bone
unconditioned response - salivating dog with food
what is the neutral stimuli
the bell
what is the conditioned response
dogs salivating with the ringing bell
what is extinction
if conditioned stimuli (bell) presented without unconditioned response (bone)
eventually the conditioned response will disappear
what is high order conditioning
a second step
e.g.
cat tin opener and food
then door and tin opener so cat salvates
door - salviating cat
foward conditioning
conditioned stimuli procedes unconditined stimuli to sginal unconditional will follow
temperal conditioning
time intervals
aversive conditioning
counter conditioning
averse - unpleasant stimuli and unwanted behaviour
counter conditioning - different task to previous response
What is tuskgee study
syphilis experinment
african americian farmer with syphilis not given treatment and died
what was the rosenhan study
pseudopatients
tea room study by humphreys
hung around tea rooms to observe men who had sex with men in toilets
miligram study
authority obedience shcoks
stanford prison study
simulated prison enviroment
24 matuee students
associated prisoner or guard
in 1/2 days became assigned a role. guards more harsh.
what is the lisbon declaration
the rights of p[atients to access information and make free decisions
ottawa
health and wellbeing of children
what is the malta declaration
ethical management of hunger strikes
respects autonomy
tokoyo declaration
doctors do not condome in use of cruel inhumane teatment of prisoners
helsinki
ethical medical resarch including consejnt
what is the genvea declaration
hippocratic oath
in response to W11 atrocities
depression (brownand harins study)
458 london women
Risk factor:
3 or more under 14
lack of employment
lack of intimate relationship
loss of mother < 11
what is the diathesis -stress model
nueutr and nature –> ones behaviour
genetics and enviroment
what is double agentry
conflict of interest intefers with ability to act solely in patients best interest
what is the tarasoff case
in calfornia
2 therapists did not tell a lady their patiient expressed thoughts to kill her. did not edisclose.
now legal duty to patient and victim to tell.
what said that emotion is result of bodily sensation
james lange
what said event then emotion and phsyical change
cannonbard/thalams
who disocevered thought is first then emotion
lazarus
what did signer shcahcter propose
2 step process
physical sensation and then mind apprasial
(context)
what was erving goffman involved in disocver
self in daily life
stigma (term)
asylum
what is ribots law
retreoograde manesia
forgetting is not uniform
recent memories more vulnerable and provides insight into consolidation
jost law
older memory forgotten more slowly
what makes up freud theory
iD
ego
super ego
what is ID
the animal
instinct
nature
unresponsive to social cues
strong emotions
short term thnking
inner child/devil
libido
pleasure/desire driven/temptation
what is the ego
the external part we see but often extension of Id
with external reality
can be torn between Id and Super ego
psych and word balance
what is the super ego?
conscience
‘i should’
integrated of should/shouldnt
moral codes
guilt and shame
steer away from bad
‘angel’
socially acceptable manner
what is the goldstein schere object sort test
assess abstract thinking and how concepts are formed
group/sort objects
what is groupshift
the phenomen where position of individual members of the group are exagerrated to more extreme
i.e. risk taking in group
what is the halo affect (thorndicke)
cognitive bias
where positive impression in one area influenced the judgement
in another i.e. well dressed person iassume they are intelligent
horn effect
opposite of halo
i.e. poor hygeine thereofre poor compliance with medication
what is the hawthorne effect
observer bias
change in behavour if feel being watched
what is a HCR-20
assessment risk assessment tool for past, present future for violenece
20 items on a 3 point scale
what is framing ?
reaching to a choice differently depending on how info is presented e.g. 95% fail, 5% pass
anchoring and adjustment
focusing on features in patient presentation too early in diagnostic and fixate on that
tversky and kahenman
engineer and lawers
stereotyped proability is one or other
base rate neglect
false positive> true psositive
when incident is ignored and nto appliable to patient
diagnostic montenum
continuing a previous clinical course despite evidence/info afailable e.g. senior made a plan
interpreting dreams who?
freud
difference between semantic and pragmatic
semantic meaning of word
pragmantic - tone, volume, knowing when your turn to speak
what is socialc apital
glue of societies and those lacking it may lead to increase mI
features of social life -> network, norms, trust, partipciants work together to reach shared adjectives
parsons discovered
sick role has conflicting to reovery from illness alongist enjoying secondary gains
sally anne test
sally put marbles in a basket and left room
annathen removes and put in the box
autistic children underable to understand that sally doesnt know the marbles now in box
what is pygamalion effect
children iq test better expected to do better so teachers will invest more in and positive investment in
what is parapaxis
slip of the tongue
repressed unconscious mind
nuremberg code -
german physician accused on taking part in war crime
experiments on camp prisoners without consent
premacks principle
preferred behaviour can reinforce unpreferred behavioir e.g. dessert once eaten mains
ekman emotions
happy
fear
surprised
disgust
ange
rsadness
