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LS MRPSYCH > human development > Flashcards

human development Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Who came up with attachment theory

A

John Bowlby

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3
Q

what is the summary of attachment theory

A

children with good attachments tend to have increased svurvival

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4
Q

how does attachment differ from bonding?

A

Bonding refers to mothers feelings
attachment focuses on the subject - aka the child

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5
Q

what does attachment theory do for a person in their life?

A

Internal working model consist of how the child interprets and responds to the caregiver’s behavior.

this then influenced their emotions, relationships later in life
and self-image

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6
Q

what is montropy

A

bias to one caregiver i.e mother
in the first stage
0-3 months

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7
Q

when does a child in attachmen theory start to develop stranger anxiety

A

at around 8 months
will notice strangers are not mother and cry and get anxiety

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8
Q

when does stranger anxiety in attachment diminish ?

A

3 year old

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9
Q

what is said about childhood attachment in one’s life?

A

tends to be stable throughout ones lifetime

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10
Q

Which is the critical period for attachment?

A

6 months to 36 months

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11
Q

What are the subtypes of attachment stages

A

pre-attachment
attachment in making
clear cut attachment
formation of reciprocal

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12
Q

what the the ages for eahc stage

pre-attachment
attachment in making
clear cut attachment
formation of reciprocal

A

pre-attachment 0-6 weeks
attachment in making 6weeks to 6/8months
clear cut attachment 8months -12/24 months
formation of reciprocal 18m to 2years

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13
Q

what happens in each stage for attachment ?

A

pre-attachment orientated to mother
attachment in making -can attach to more than 1 person now
clear cut attachment cries when separated has favourites
formation of reciprocal - separation anxiety may lessen, less clingy, but show some protest behaviour like sulking

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14
Q

what did harlow monkey theory proof?

A

that closeness is more important than food

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15
Q

what was used in harlow monkey

A

cloth no feed
wired monkey with food

babies preferred cloth with no food

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16
Q

how does attachment differ to mary ansiworth?

A

considered to be the second founder of the field of attachment – furthered the development of Bowlby’s theory
by stranger situation

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17
Q

what ages does mary ainsworth stages occur?

A

around 12 months to 18 months

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18
Q

What does the stranger situation reveal

A

A childs interaction with a stranger and primary carergiver when they leave and return

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19
Q

How can stranger situation be classified?

A

secure
anxious resistant/preoccupied
anxious avoidant

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20
Q

How does a child behave in each situation when the parent leaves?

A

secure -cries
anxious resistant/preoccupied -cries
anxious avoidant - continues to play /no distress

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21
Q

how does the child behave with a stranger?

A

secure - avoids when alone but if mum present will be OK
anxious resistant/preoccupied avoids and is fearful
anxious avoidant - no fear

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22
Q

how does the child behave when mum returns?

A

secure -happy
anxious resistant/preoccupied - approaches mother but might push away
anxious avoidant -indifferent

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23
Q

what percentage of people are secure?

A

70%

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24
Q

what percentage are of the other two types of attachment types

A

15% for both

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25
Q

how do the different attachment styles form in relation to caregivers

A

secure - consistent and carers
anxious resistant/preoccupied - inconsistent
anxious avoidant - unresponsive

the latter two lead to preoccupied or dismissive attachment

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26
Q

who disocvered the concept of intelligence and how

A

alfred binet 1905
a series of test ranked by age

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27
Q

what is intelligence defined by

A

mental age and IQ

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28
Q

What is the IQ

A

mental age/ chronological age x 100

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29
Q

Fact about IQ in life

A

stays stable in life

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30
Q

what was the first IQ test and which is the most common

A

1st - stanford binet
most common wechsler adult intelligence scale

31
Q

what does RPM stand for and what is it

A

ravens progreesive matrices
it includes non verbal and patterns
progressively gets harder and needed cognitive capacity

32
Q

what are the stanford tests

A

6-80 lower,
60 questions, 5 set black pattern on white

33
Q

what are coloured progened lower ability

A

<6 or those with specialist groups like LD

34
Q

what did kohlberg develop?

A

the concept of moral development
it is split into 3 stages and 6 substages

35
Q

who did kohlberg perform this study on?

A

72 american boys
was said to be sexist and also westernised as focused only on one community so considered flawed

36
Q

which age group were the boys in kohlberg study?

A

10 -16 year old

36
Q

who does heinz dilemma refer to which theory

A

kohlberg

37
Q

what are the three stages of kohlberg?

A

pre-coventional
conventional
post conventional

38
Q

how can preconventional be divided?

A

into two stages between 0-9
the first being avoiding punishment (consequence)
the second being self interest - aiming at reward - self interest

39
Q

what is conventional divided into?

A

good boy good girl - what is said to be good pleasing others - interpersonal conformity

40
Q

what stage does conventional stage occur

A

9-20

41
Q

how is this conventional stage identified

A

how they appear to others i.e. what would others say
consensus view/comformity

41
Q

what is the 4th substage

A

law and order
what is dictated by social order and rules authority

42
Q

what is the third section divided into for kohlberg stages?

A

post-conventional
> 20 year age - few people achieve this

  1. justice and spirit of the law
    universial principle of ethics

includes individuals rights
abstract reasoning

43
Q

what is lesch nyhan syndrome

A

extremely rare metabolic disorder that occurs before birth
recessive condition
most common in men

overproduction and acccumulation of uric acid

44
Q

why does lesch nyhan syndrome happen?

A

result of mutate in HPRT1 gene
leading to deficiency of the enzyme
hypoxanthineguaninephosphoribosytransgiase HGPRT

45
Q

what happens in lesch nyhan syndrome?

A

without the enzyme , uric acid build up as it cannot be recycled

46
Q

what is HGPRT for?

A

the enzyme responsible for recyclying purine hypoxhatine and guanine

47
Q

what is seen in patients for lesch nyhan ?

A

dystonia
hypotonia
gouty arthritis
subcuteous trophi
hyperuricemia
corticospinal signs
asissted sitting
need a wheelchair
cannot walk
behaviour such as head banging and hitting
IQ of 60-70
difficult in attention

48
Q

what is preserved in lesch nyhan?

A

language and awareness

49
Q

what is Ontogenetic parade

A

term for predictable childhood fears at certain ages
described by Isaac marks

50
Q

what fears are there by ontogenetic parade?

A

8-12 month -separation anxiety

alone/dark/animals 3/4 presocial age

body injury, failure, criticisn, illness 4-12 year school age

death/poltiics /economics -teens

51
Q

what is normalisation?

A

in learning disability
the principle of making life experiences as normal as possible and move away from institutionalised care

52
Q

how many types of parenting styles are there?

A

4

53
Q

who discovered the parenting styles

A

diana baumrind in 1960
psychologist
in over 100 preschool age children
she identified 3

54
Q

who added a fourth parenting tyle

A

maccoby martin in 1983

55
Q

what are the name of the four parenting styles

A

authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
uninvolved

56
Q

what is the difference between authoritative
authoritarian

A

authoritarian -strict parenting , does not communicate with child well about why no explanation based on obedience

authoriative - similar as above but gives explanations

57
Q

what about permissive
uninvolved what’s difference

A

permissive- let children dominate, act like a friend, avoid confrontation, dont allow children to regulate

uninvolved - few demands, little to no involvement

58
Q

what is the basis of oedipaus complex ?

A

child is jealous of same sex parent

59
Q

what are the 5 steps of freud ?

A

freud psychosexual development

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

60
Q

which ages do the freud steps occur

A

oral 0-1
anal 1-3
phallic 3-5
latency 5-12
genital 12+

61
Q

in which step of freud does the oedipadus complex occur?

A

phallic
stage of envy

62
Q

what is the erikson psychological development
how many stages
which year

A

adult development
1959
8 stage

63
Q

what happens at 0-1/18 months

A

hope

trust/ mistrust rely on others

64
Q

what happens at 1-3 years of age

A

autonomy /shame
will
security in one self

65
Q

erikson stage 3-5 years

A

purppose
imitate n action

initative/guilt

66
Q

what happens at 5-12 years old erikson

A

competence
ability to achieve
industry vs inferiority

67
Q

**

what happens between 12 and 19 years old

A

fidelty
true to one self.ability to live by society standards

identify vs role confusion

68
Q

eirkson what happens at 19-3 5

A

intimacy vs isolation

relationshjps
love

69
Q

what happens erikson at age 35-65

A

stgnation
care
feel unproduvie
giving back to society/raising kids

generality stagnation

70
Q

what happens at 65 plus
erikson

A

wdison
integrity and despair
slow down
contemplate achievements

71
Q

what happens with erikson

A

failure to overcome a stage
loss of sense of self
ego develops as it resolves

LS MRPSYCH (17 decks)

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