neurosciences extra Flashcards
what is a festinasting gait
stooping forward
slow initating
small shuffle
Seen with parkinson
what is an ataxic gait
wide gait
irregular lurching
associated with cerebellar dysfunction
what are the six stages of gait
Heel-strike:
Foot flat:
Mid-stance:
Heel-off:
Toe-off:
Swing:
what is antaglic gait
stance shorter than swing phase
associated with lower limb trauma, sciaitica
what is a spatic gait
scissor leg
seen with cerebral palsy
excessive adduction
leg in swing
what is a steppage gait
also known as equine and neuropathic
high stepping
associated with foot drop
what is a steppage gait seen in
charcot marie tooth syndrome
what is a myopathic gait.
waddling gait
associated with broad based
pelvic drop
pelvic myopathy
what is a pigeon gai t
inward toes
associated with foot deformities
treneleburg gait
) occurs due to weakness of the hip abductors resulting in a waddling appearance.
type of myopathic gait
what is a stomping gait.
bilateral high steppage
feredich ataxia
gait associated with normal pressure hypocephalus
magnetic gait.
choreiform
chorea syndhiam
huntingdon
sensory gait
b12
diabetes
slam foot to floor to feel t
hemiplegic
unilateral
circumdunction
stroke
what does ghrelin do
secretes from endocrine cells and acts on hypothalmus
where is gastrin secretes from
from cells in gut
acts to stimulate exocrine cells of stomach to secrete gastric juices
from cells in stomach and dudodenum
what is cckfunction
secretes by gut intestine
act to stimulate pancreas, GB to release juices.bile etc. and vagal neurons - satiety
what does somatostatin do
secreted from stomach from gatrin glands
to inhibit gastrin to stop secretion of acid
dudondeim to stop cck
pancreas to inhibit glucagon
dendrate gyrus
hippocampal function
the thalamus is made of which nuclei
lateral gemnulcate
medial geninculate
ventromediallateral
ventralterior
lateral
what are the thalamus nuclei function
ateral gemnulcate -visual
medial geninculate -hearing
ventromediallateral - facial
ventralterior motor
lateral body sensations
what are the three tract types
projection
commissural
association
identify the function of the tract
projection - to connect the higher centre to lower i.e. brainstem to spinal cord
commissural -2 hemisphere together
association - in same hemisphere
what are association tracts associated with
long - separate lobes
short - separate gyri
what are the commissural
corpus callosum 0 white matter fibre connecting two hemisphere
anterior commussiure - via lamina terminus
there are anterior and posterior
what do the anterior and posterior branches of the anterior commisrure do
ant -olfactory bulb
poserio - middle inferior gyri connects
what are the six association tracts
cingulum
inferior occpital frontal
superior occpital frontal
superior longitudinal
inferior longituduinal
uncinate
what do the association tracts do. - what does the cingulum do
connect the Frontal Temporal and Parietal lobes
what is the suprachiasmatic associated with
circadan rhythm
sleep dx if a lesion
input received from the retina
body clock
what is the preoptic associated with.
secretes GnRH to sitmulate LH/FSH
if lesion present, associated with arrest in puberty, impoerence, amennrhoea
what is the supra optic associaed with
production of adhd and oxytocin –> diabetes inspidus
what is paraventricular nuclei associated with
production of xocyton and adh –> crh and trh – diabetes inspidius
what are the ventromedial nuclei associated with
hyerphagia
appetite insulin regulation
lateral nuclei
body weight and appetite
stimulation leads to increase apeptite
lesion leads to anorexia
what does rhe dorsomedial nucleus
body weight regulation
obesity
savage behaviour.
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what do the lesions in arcutate ncuelus lead to
ammenrhoea
glacttorhea
what do the anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei do
anteerior -keep body cool when temp hot, by parasythmatic sytem.
posterior- warms up body when lesion via sympathtic system to keep warm
what happens if there is a lesion in the anterior and posterior hypothalamuc nucleus
anterior - leson leads to hyperhtemia
posterior- hypothermia when lesion as unable to heat up
what are the angular gyrus
associated with apreital lobe
language and maths
cingulate gyrus is associated with
corpus collasum
emotion and memory
what about the precentral and postcentral gyrus
frontal primar motor cortex -movement
pareital lobe touch
lingual gyrus
occipital
draming
word decognition
what about the superior temporal
assoaicted with feorntal
laugther
self awareness
superior temporal
temporal wernike
sound
