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LS MRPSYCH > neurosciences extra > Flashcards

neurosciences extra Flashcards

1
Q

what is a festinasting gait

A

stooping forward
slow initating
small shuffle

Seen with parkinson

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2
Q

what is an ataxic gait

A

wide gait
irregular lurching
associated with cerebellar dysfunction

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3
Q

what are the six stages of gait

A

Heel-strike:
Foot flat:
Mid-stance:
Heel-off:
Toe-off:
Swing:

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4
Q

what is antaglic gait

A

stance shorter than swing phase
associated with lower limb trauma, sciaitica

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5
Q

what is a spatic gait

A

scissor leg
seen with cerebral palsy
excessive adduction
leg in swing

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6
Q

what is a steppage gait

A

also known as equine and neuropathic
high stepping
associated with foot drop

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7
Q

what is a steppage gait seen in

A

charcot marie tooth syndrome

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8
Q

what is a myopathic gait.

A

waddling gait

associated with broad based
pelvic drop
pelvic myopathy

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9
Q

what is a pigeon gai t

A

inward toes
associated with foot deformities

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10
Q

treneleburg gait

A

) occurs due to weakness of the hip abductors resulting in a waddling appearance.
type of myopathic gait

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11
Q

what is a stomping gait.

A

bilateral high steppage
feredich ataxia

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12
Q

gait associated with normal pressure hypocephalus

A

magnetic gait.

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13
Q

choreiform

A

chorea syndhiam
huntingdon

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14
Q

sensory gait

A

b12
diabetes

slam foot to floor to feel t

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15
Q

hemiplegic

A

unilateral
circumdunction

stroke

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16
Q

what does ghrelin do

A

secretes from endocrine cells and acts on hypothalmus

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17
Q

where is gastrin secretes from

A

from cells in gut
acts to stimulate exocrine cells of stomach to secrete gastric juices

from cells in stomach and dudodenum

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18
Q

what is cckfunction

A

secretes by gut intestine
act to stimulate pancreas, GB to release juices.bile etc. and vagal neurons - satiety

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19
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

secreted from stomach from gatrin glands
to inhibit gastrin to stop secretion of acid
dudondeim to stop cck
pancreas to inhibit glucagon

20
Q

dendrate gyrus

A

hippocampal function

21
Q

the thalamus is made of which nuclei

A

lateral gemnulcate
medial geninculate
ventromediallateral
ventralterior
lateral

22
Q

what are the thalamus nuclei function

A

ateral gemnulcate -visual
medial geninculate -hearing
ventromediallateral - facial
ventralterior motor
lateral body sensations

23
Q

what are the three tract types

A

projection
commissural
association

24
Q

identify the function of the tract

A

projection - to connect the higher centre to lower i.e. brainstem to spinal cord
commissural -2 hemisphere together
association - in same hemisphere

25
Q

what are association tracts associated with

A

long - separate lobes
short - separate gyri

26
Q

what are the commissural

A

corpus callosum 0 white matter fibre connecting two hemisphere

anterior commussiure - via lamina terminus
there are anterior and posterior

27
Q

what do the anterior and posterior branches of the anterior commisrure do

A

ant -olfactory bulb
poserio - middle inferior gyri connects

28
Q

what are the six association tracts

A

cingulum
inferior occpital frontal
superior occpital frontal
superior longitudinal
inferior longituduinal
uncinate

29
Q

what do the association tracts do. - what does the cingulum do

A

connect the Frontal Temporal and Parietal lobes

30
Q

what is the suprachiasmatic associated with

A

circadan rhythm
sleep dx if a lesion
input received from the retina
body clock

31
Q

what is the preoptic associated with.

A

secretes GnRH to sitmulate LH/FSH
if lesion present, associated with arrest in puberty, impoerence, amennrhoea

32
Q

what is the supra optic associaed with

A

production of adhd and oxytocin –> diabetes inspidus

33
Q

what is paraventricular nuclei associated with

A

production of xocyton and adh –> crh and trh – diabetes inspidius

34
Q

what are the ventromedial nuclei associated with

A

hyerphagia
appetite insulin regulation

35
Q

lateral nuclei

A

body weight and appetite

stimulation leads to increase apeptite
lesion leads to anorexia

36
Q

what does rhe dorsomedial nucleus

A

body weight regulation
obesity
savage behaviour.

37
Q

**

what do the lesions in arcutate ncuelus lead to

A

ammenrhoea
glacttorhea

38
Q

what do the anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei do

A

anteerior -keep body cool when temp hot, by parasythmatic sytem.

posterior- warms up body when lesion via sympathtic system to keep warm

39
Q

what happens if there is a lesion in the anterior and posterior hypothalamuc nucleus

A

anterior - leson leads to hyperhtemia

posterior- hypothermia when lesion as unable to heat up

40
Q

what are the angular gyrus

A

associated with apreital lobe
language and maths

41
Q

cingulate gyrus is associated with

A

corpus collasum

emotion and memory

42
Q

what about the precentral and postcentral gyrus

A

frontal primar motor cortex -movement

pareital lobe touch

43
Q

lingual gyrus

A

occipital

draming
word decognition

44
Q

what about the superior temporal

A

assoaicted with feorntal

laugther
self awareness

45
Q

superior temporal

A

temporal wernike
sound

LS MRPSYCH (10 decks)

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