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Pediatrics > Pulmonology/Allergy > Flashcards

Pulmonology/Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Most common peri-operative complication of asthma

A

Bronchospasm or laryngospasm

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2
Q

Risk factors for asthma

A 
Atopy or FHx of atopy
Early viral respiratory infection
Maternal smoking or passive smoke exposure
Prematurity
Maternal age < 20 yo at birth
Male sex (until adolescence)
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3
Q

Faster acting LABA

A

Formoterol

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4
Q

Side effects of montelukast

A

behavioral disturbance

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5
Q

Anti-IgE therapy

A

omalizumab (Zolair)

indicated if > 12 yo w/+ allergy testing

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6
Q

Asthma severity: daily symptoms

A

Moderate

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7
Q

Asthma severity: night awakenings 3-4x/month

A

Mild

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8
Q

Asthma severity: nighttime awakenings > 1x/week (not daily)

A

Moderate

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9
Q

Asthma severity: SABA use daily

A

Moderate

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10
Q

Asthma severity: SABA uses > 2d/week (not daily)

A

Mild

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11
Q

Asthma severity: FEV1 = 60-80

A

Moderate

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12
Q

Most common congenital lung lesion

A

CPAM

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13
Q

Vascular supply of CPAM

A

pulmonary circulation

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14
Q

Pulmonary sequestration location

A

lower lobes (L > R)

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15
Q

Vascular supply of pulmonary sequestration

A

systemic circulation

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16
Q

Pulmonary sequestration at risk for recurrent infection

A

Intralobar (ILS)

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17
Q

Congenital lobar emphysema location

A

left upper lobe

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18
Q

Bronchogenic cyst location

A

mediastinum

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19
Q

Most common type of TEF

A

Type C (84%) - esophageal atresia with distal TEF

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20
Q

Complications of TEF

A

stricture, tracheomalacia, GER/aspiration

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21
Q

TEF association

A

VACTERL

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22
Q

Inspiratory crowing

A

Laryngomalacia

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23
Q

Biphasic wheezing

A

Tracheomalacia

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24
Q

Biphasic high-pitched stridor

A

Subglotti stenosis

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25
Q

Dysphonia/aphonia

A

Vocal cord palsy

26
Q

Complete vascular rings

A

Double aortic arch (most common)

Right AA with aberrant left subclavian

27
Q

Vascular ring with NO esophageal compression

A

Innominate artery compression

28
Q

Heiner syndrome

A

cow’s milk hypersensitivity

airway bleeding –> pulmonary hemosiderosis

29
Q

Rate of allergic disease in children

A

20-30%

30
Q

Early phase allergic mediators

A

Histamine, prostaglandin D2, proteases, proteoglycans

31
Q

Late phase allergic mediators

A

Leukotrienes, cytokines

32
Q

Dennie-Morgan lines

A

Multiple infra orbital orbital folds associated with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

33
Q

Most effective control of dust mites

A

Plastic mattress wraps, remove carpet

34
Q

Seasonal allergens: March - May

A

Tree pollen

35
Q

Seasonal allergens: May - June

A

Grass pollen

36
Q

Seasonal allergens: August - October

A

Ragweed

37
Q

Anaphylactoid reactions

A

Non-IgE mediated mast cell degranulation (contrast dye, opiates)

38
Q

Most common medication to trigger allergy

A

Penicillin

39
Q

Most common allergic foods

A

Peanut, milk, egg, soy, fish, wheat, shellfish, nuts

40
Q

Hereditary angioedema genetics

A

AD

41
Q

Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema

A

C4 level

42
Q

Etiology of hereditary angioedema

A

Absence of C1 inhibitor

43
Q

Risk of asthma in child of affected parent

A

25% (50% if both parents)

44
Q

Asthma severity: symptoms < 2d/week

A

Intermittent

45
Q

Asthma severity: nighttime awakenings < 2x/month

A

Intermittent

46
Q

Flow volume loop axis

A 
Y = flow
X = volume
47
Q

Obstructive Lund disease: PFTs

A

Concave, decreased FEV1 > FEV1/FVC > FVC

48
Q

Restrictive lung disease: PFTs

A

Decreased volume, decreased FEV1, FVC, increased or normal FEV1/FVC

49
Q

Vocal cord dysfunction symptoms

A

Dramatic onset at onset of exertion, “throat closing”, “unable to get breath in”

50
Q

Vocal cord dysfunction finding

A

Vocal cords in adduction with posterior glottic chink

51
Q

Recommendation of children > 16 yo and anaphylactic reaction to insect sting

A

Skin testing +/-immunotherapy (95% effective!)

52
Q

First line therapy for allergic rhinitis

A

Intranasal corticosteroids

53
Q

Radio contrast media anaphylaxis recommendations

A

Pretreat with antihistamine and corticosteroids

54
Q

Type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgE mediated

55
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Antibody mediated cytolysis (ie hemolytic anemia)

56
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immune complex (ie serum sickness)

57
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

T cell mediated (contact dermatitis, PPD)

58
Q

Dust mite reduction

A

humidity < 50%

59
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

associated with OTC nasal decongestant use > 3-4 days, beefy red nasal turbinates, treatment = intranasal corticosteroids

60
Q

Hyperattenuated mucin

A

allergic fungal sinusitis

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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