Cardiology

Question 1

Still’s murmur increased by…

Answer 1

supine, fever, exercise

Question 2

VSD murmur

Answer 2

holosystolic

Question 3

Most common type of ASD

Answer 3

secondum ASD

Question 4

PE in ASD

Answer 4

split fixed S2, SEM in the pulmonary area

Question 5

Complete AVCD

Answer 5

primum ASD and inlet VSD

Question 6

Cyanotic CHD

Answer 6

TA, TGA, tricuspid atresia, TOF, TAPVR

Question 7

Symptoms of ASD

Answer 7

most likely asymptomatic

Question 8

Reason for fixed split S2

Answer 8

volume loading of the right ventricle (normally occurs during inspiration due to increased venous return)

Question 9

EKG findings in ASD

Answer 9

RSR’ in V1

Question 10

EKG findings in AVCD

Answer 10

left axis deviation

Question 11

Most common cause of cyanotic CHD

Answer 11

TOF

Question 12

TOF murmur

Answer 12

harsh SEM and LUSB w/ radiation to back (may disappear during tet spell)

Question 13

TOF x-ray

Answer 13

boot-shaped

Question 14

Most common form of cyanotic CHD diagnosed in the neonate

Answer 14

TGA

Question 15

TGA x-ray

Answer 15

egg on a string

Question 16

TAPVR x-ray

Answer 16

snowman

Question 17

Obstructive TAPVR

Answer 17

supracardiac, infracardiac

Question 18

Obstructive left-sided lesions

Answer 18

critical AS, coarctation, HLHS

Question 19

Ebstein’s anomaly arrhythmia

Answer 19

WPW (50%) - atrialization of the RV

Question 20

Ebstein’s anomaly association

Answer 20

Li during pregnancy

Question 21

EKG in ALCAPA

Answer 21

q waves in 1, aVL, V5, V6, ST elevation in V5, V6

Question 22

Down’s

Answer 22

AVCD (VSD most common)

Question 23

Turner

Answer 23

coarctation

Question 24

Noonan

Answer 24

pulmonary stenosis

Question 25

Williams

Answer 25

supravalvar aortic stenosis

Question 26

DiGeorge

Answer 26

TOF, interrupted aortic arch

Question 27

Alagille

Answer 27

pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 28

Endocarditis bugs

Answer 28

S. viridans, staph, HAECK

Question 29

Endocarditis findings

Answer 29

Janeway lesions = palms/soles
Roth spots = retinal hemorrhage
Osler’s nodes = painful on fingers/toes

Question 30

Endocarditis prophylaxis indications

Answer 30

Dental extraction, T&A, respiratory mucosal injury

Question 31

Endocarditis prophylaxis treatment

Answer 31

1 hour prior to procedure - amox, clinda, cephalexin

Question 32

ARF trigger

Answer 32

GAS pharyngitis (not other sources!)

Question 33

ARF treatment

Answer 33

PCN (plus monthly prophylaxis), prednisone if severe carditis with CHF

Question 34

ARF diagnosis

Answer 34

Jones criteria

Question 35

KD age range

Answer 35

6 mo - 2 yr

Question 36

Rate of coronary artery aneurysm in untreated KD

Answer 36

20%

Question 37

Pericarditis EKG

Answer 37

global ST elevation, PR depression

Question 38

Causes of pericarditis

Answer 38

Preceding URI (or uremia, ARF, TB)

Question 39

Myocarditis EKG

Answer 39

low voltage

Question 40

Causes of myocarditis

Answer 40

Virus (coxsackie, rhino, adeno)

Question 41

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genetics

Answer 41

AD

Question 42

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur increases with…

Answer 42

exercise, standing, Valsalva

Question 43

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur decreases with…

Answer 43

squatting, handgrip

Question 44

Most common causes of pediatric tachycardia

Answer 44

SVT (90%)

Question 45

Types of SVT

Answer 45

AV nodal reentrant, AV re-entry, ectopic atrial, junctional, flutter

Question 46

Most common pediatric bradycardia

Answer 46

3rd degree (complete

Question 47

Causes of complete heart block

Answer 47

maternal SLE, L-TGA

Question 48

Long QT syndrome genetics

Answer 48

AD