GI/Nutrition Flashcards
Findings in essential FA deficiency
scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocyopenia
Bitot’s spots
Keratin accumulation on the sclear in Vit A deficiency
Findings in Vitamin E deficiency
Hemolytic anemia, retinal degeneration, progressive neurological deterioration
Selenium deficiency
Dilated cardiomyopahty
Folate deficiency
Hypersegmented neutrophils, macrocytic anemia
Scurvy
Hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, hysteria
Zinc deficiency
Diminished taste acuity, hypogonadism, short stature
Copper deficiency
Anemia, neutropenia, FTT, skeletal abnormalities
Thiamine deficiency
B1
Beriberi - high output cardiomyopathy, polyneuritis, laryngeal paralysis
Riboflavin deficiency
B2
Angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis around the nose and scrotum
Niacin deficiency
B3
Pellegra - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, weakness
Pyridoxine deficiency
B6
Stomatatis, glossitis, irritability, confusion
Children - seizures
Adolescents - periphearl neuropathy
B12 defeciency
Macrocytic anemia, atrophic glossitis, neuropathy
Breastfed infants of vegan mothers are at risk for what vitamin deficiency?
B12
Diagnosis of lactose intolerance
lactose breath test
Acquired causes of lactose intolerance
Rotavirus, celiac, IBD, PI
More common in children < 5 yo
Sentinel loop on AXR
pancreatitis
Types of gallstones
Black - younger children, hemolytic disease
Cholesterol - adolescents
Types of stool softeners/laxatives
Bulking - psyllium, fiber Softener - ducosate Osmotic - polyethylene glycol, lactulose Lubicrants - glycerin Stimulant - senna, sennosides
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Gastrin secreting tumor of the pacreas
Associated with MEN1
Most common type of choledocal cyst
Type 1 (dilation of common bile duct)
Age range for intussusception
6-36 months
Crohn’s disease genetics
NOD2/CARD15 mutations
Indication for Hep A Ig
Acute exposure, common source outbreaks (ie daycare)
Indication for Hep B Ig
Neonates w/ Hep B + mothers, acute exposure, HBsAg negative individual with Hep B + needle stick
Causes of chronic hepatitis
Hep B (50% of children, 90% of infants), Hep C (50-80%)
Most common infectious cause of acute liver failure
Hep C infection
Management of asymptomatic esophageal foreign body
repeat film in 12-24 hours; still esophageal –> endoscopy
Management of asymptomatic gastric foreign body
repeat film in 3-6 weeks
Management of ingestion of sharp objects
Endoscopy unless single straight pin
Jackson’s axiom - advancing points perforate
Complications of caustic injurgy
Strictures (80% develop w/in 8 weeks), increased risk of esophageal carcinoma