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Pediatrics > GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Findings in essential FA deficiency

A

scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocyopenia

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2
Q

Bitot’s spots

A

Keratin accumulation on the sclear in Vit A deficiency

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3
Q

Findings in Vitamin E deficiency

A

Hemolytic anemia, retinal degeneration, progressive neurological deterioration

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4
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Dilated cardiomyopahty

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5
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils, macrocytic anemia

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6
Q

Scurvy

A

Hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, hysteria

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7
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Diminished taste acuity, hypogonadism, short stature

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8
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Anemia, neutropenia, FTT, skeletal abnormalities

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9
Q

Thiamine deficiency

A

B1

Beriberi - high output cardiomyopathy, polyneuritis, laryngeal paralysis

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10
Q

Riboflavin deficiency

A

B2

Angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis around the nose and scrotum

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11
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

B3

Pellegra - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, weakness

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12
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency

A

B6
Stomatatis, glossitis, irritability, confusion
Children - seizures
Adolescents - periphearl neuropathy

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13
Q

B12 defeciency

A

Macrocytic anemia, atrophic glossitis, neuropathy

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14
Q

Breastfed infants of vegan mothers are at risk for what vitamin deficiency?

A

B12

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15
Q

Diagnosis of lactose intolerance

A

lactose breath test

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16
Q

Acquired causes of lactose intolerance

A

Rotavirus, celiac, IBD, PI

More common in children < 5 yo

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17
Q

Sentinel loop on AXR

A

pancreatitis

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18
Q

Types of gallstones

A

Black - younger children, hemolytic disease

Cholesterol - adolescents

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19
Q

Types of stool softeners/laxatives

A 
Bulking - psyllium, fiber
Softener - ducosate
Osmotic - polyethylene glycol, lactulose
Lubicrants - glycerin
Stimulant - senna, sennosides
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20
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrin secreting tumor of the pacreas

Associated with MEN1

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21
Q

Most common type of choledocal cyst

A

Type 1 (dilation of common bile duct)

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22
Q

Age range for intussusception

A

6-36 months

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23
Q

Crohn’s disease genetics

A

NOD2/CARD15 mutations

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24
Q

Indication for Hep A Ig

A

Acute exposure, common source outbreaks (ie daycare)

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25
Q

Indication for Hep B Ig

A

Neonates w/ Hep B + mothers, acute exposure, HBsAg negative individual with Hep B + needle stick

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26
Q

Causes of chronic hepatitis

A

Hep B (50% of children, 90% of infants), Hep C (50-80%)

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27
Q

Most common infectious cause of acute liver failure

A

Hep C infection

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28
Q

Management of asymptomatic esophageal foreign body

A

repeat film in 12-24 hours; still esophageal –> endoscopy

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29
Q

Management of asymptomatic gastric foreign body

A

repeat film in 3-6 weeks

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30
Q

Management of ingestion of sharp objects

A

Endoscopy unless single straight pin

Jackson’s axiom - advancing points perforate

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31
Q

Complications of caustic injurgy

A

Strictures (80% develop w/in 8 weeks), increased risk of esophageal carcinoma

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32
Q

Examples of acid ingestions

A

drain cleaner, toilet bowl cleaner, tile cleaner

33
Q

Exampels of alkali ingestions

A

Lye, oven cleaner, dishwashing detergent

34
Q

Crigler-Najjar defect

A

UDPGT

35
Q

Crigler-Najjar treatment

A

phenobarbital (works in type 2)

36
Q

Crigler-Najjar presentation

A

sever indirect hyperbilirubinemia

37
Q

Crigler-Najjar genetics

A

AR

38
Q

Anomalies associated with biliary atresia

A

CV defects, polysplenia, malrotation, portal vein anomalies

39
Q

Biliary atresia diagnosis

A

HIDA scan, biopsy

40
Q

Alagille syndrome genetics

A

AD

JAG-1 or NOTCH-2 mutation

41
Q

Alagille syndrome findings

A

chronic cholestasis, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, butterfly vertebae, Schwalbe line of eye (increased risk of glaucoma), dysmorphic facies (triangular, deep set eyes)

42
Q

Dubin-Johnson syndrome genetics

A

AR

43
Q

Dubin-Johnson syndrome defect

A

exretion of conjugated bilirubin from hepatocyte apical membrane

44
Q

Celiac disease genetic susceptibility

A

HLA-DQ2, DQ8

45
Q

Celiac skin manifestation

A

Dermatisis herpetiformis

46
Q

Celiac disease associations

A

Type 1 DM, T21, hypothyroidism, T-cell lymphoma of GI tract

47
Q

GI disease in CF

A

pancreatic insufficiency, meconium ilues, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), rectal prolapse, CFRLD, late hemorrhagic disease of newborn

48
Q

Pancreatic enzyme supplementation

A

5K to 10K U/kg of lipase

> 20 K U/kg associated with fibrosing colonopathy

49
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms

A

dysphagia, food impaction

50
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis treatment

A

swallowed fluticasone/budesonide, elemental diet, IL-5 Ab

51
Q

Predisposing conditions for cholelithiasis

A

SCD, HS, obesity, hyperlipidemia, pregnancy, CF, TPN, ileal disease, meds (LASIK, ctx, ocp’s)

52
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria genetics

A

AD - only 10-15% gene carriers have symptoms

53
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms

A

Abdominal pain, neurological (weakness, confusion, sz) and psych (hallucinations)

54
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria defect

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase

55
Q

Most common viral hepatitis is the US

A

Hep A

56
Q

Group likely to be a symptomatic from Hep A

A

Children < 3 yo

57
Q

Diagnosis of Hep B long term carrier state

A

HBsAg + for > 6 months

58
Q

Hep B vs. Hep A presentation

A

Hep B - symptoms and fulminant hepatitis more likely

59
Q

Rate of chronic dz in Hep B

A

50% in children

90% in infants w/ vertical transmission

60
Q

Hep D requirement

A

Hep B infection

61
Q

Hep B treatment

A

Interferon gamma

62
Q

Rate of vertical transmission in Hep C

A

4-6%

Increased with HIV or high titers

63
Q

Hep C treatment

A

Interferon gamma and ribavirin

64
Q

Patients with Hep C and best response to treatment

A

Low HCV RNA, high LFTs, no cirrhosis, no HIV, genotype 2/3

65
Q

Transmission of Hep E

A

Fecal-oral

66
Q

Highest rate of mortality for Hep E

A

Pregnant woman (20%)

67
Q

Rate of esophageal pathology in patients with meat impaction

A

95%

68
Q

Gilbert syndrome genetics

A

AD - incomplete penetrance

69
Q

Most common cause of neonatal cholestsis

A

Idiopathic hepatitis (biliary atresia = #2)

70
Q

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency genetics

A

AR

71
Q

Vitamin K dependent clotting factors

A

2, 7, 9, 10

72
Q

Most common congenital GI anomaly

A

Meckel diverticula (1-4%)

73
Q

Chronic nonspecific diarrhea

A

Toddler’s diarrhea - 12-40 months
Presence of vegetable matter
Secondary to fructose and fluid overload

74
Q

RDA of Ca

A

1300 mg (same for phosporus)

75
Q

Diagnosis of HCV

A

Hep C NAAT at 2 months (or serologies at 18 months)

76
Q

Screening for juvenile polyposis syndrome

A

Yearly colonoscopy

77
Q

Mercury intoxication

A

painful hands/feet, pink skin rash

78
Q

Vitamin A toxicity

A

headache, pseudotumor cerebri, hepatomegaly, dry mucus membranes

79
Q

Vitamin C toxicity

A

renal stones (hyperoxaluria)

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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