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Pediatrics > General Pediatrics > Flashcards

General Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis treatment

A

Scalp - 2% ketoconazole shampoo

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2
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

AR disorder of Zn deficiency

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3
Q

Pityriasis rosea treatment

A

Symptomatic

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4
Q

Pityriasis rosea differential diagnosis

A

Secondary syphilis

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5
Q

Guttate psoriasis trigger

A

Streptococcal infection (2-4 weeks prior)

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6
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Bleeding after removal of scale

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7
Q

Incontinetia pigmenti genetics

A

X-linked dominant

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8
Q

Incontinetia pigmenti findings

A
  1. Inflammatory vesicles
  2. Verrucous lesions
  3. Swirled brown to gray patches
  4. Hypopigmented
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9
Q

Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn

A

hairless yellow-to-orange plaque on the scalp

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10
Q

Urticaria pigmentosa

A

mastocytosis disorder - multiple red-brown macules and papules

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11
Q

Darier sign

A

lesions urticate when rubbed (Urticaria pigments)

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12
Q

Scarlet fever findings

A

sandpaper rash in the neck/axilla, desquamation, circumoral pallor, Pastia lines, strawberry tongue

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13
Q

Tinea versicolor etiologic agent

A

Malassezia furfur

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14
Q

Tinea versicolor treatment

A

Topical anti-fungal

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15
Q

Tinea capitis findings

A

“black dot” appearance

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16
Q

Tinea capitis treatment

A

Oral griseofulvin for 6 to 8 weeks

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17
Q

Night terror occur during…

A

Non-REM sleep

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18
Q

Nightmares occur during…

A

REM sleep

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19
Q

Most infants sleep through the night by what age?

A

4-6 months (70-80% sleep for 6 to 8 hours)

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20
Q

Sleep walking occurs during…

A

non-REM sleep (2-4 hours after sleep onset)

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21
Q

Head banding timing

A

during sleep transitions

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22
Q

Age range of breath holding spells

A

6 mo to 2 years

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23
Q

Sensitivity

A

Likelihood of a test being positive in the presence of disease

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24
Q

Specificity

A

Likelihood of a test being negative in the abscence of disease

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25
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Porportion of children with a positive test who actually have the condition (affected by prevalence)

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26
Q

Negative predictive value

A

Proportion of children with a negative test who do not have the condition (affected by prevalance)

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27
Q

Prevalance

A

number of children in a population with a given disorder amont the total number of children at a given time

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28
Q

ADHD diagnosis

A

onset of symptoms PRIOR to age 7

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29
Q

Anticholinergic findings

A

Mydriasis, agitation, hallucination, dry skin, flushing

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30
Q

Sympathomimetic findings

A

Mydriasis, sweating, hyperactivity, dysrhythmia

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31
Q

Organophosphate findings

A

Miosis, salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis, pulmonary edema

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32
Q

Substances not absorbed by charcoal

A

simple ions (Li, CN), simple alcohols (ethanol), strong acids/bases (HCl, NaOH)

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33
Q

Whole bowel irrigation indications

A

Fe, Li, sustained release agents

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34
Q

Organophosphate antidote

A

atropine

35
Q

Anticholinergic antidote

A

physostigmine

36
Q

Methanol antidote

A

ethanol

37
Q

Salicylate lab findings

A

metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, coagulopathy

38
Q

Alkanization therapy indications

A

salicylates, TCA’s

39
Q

Iron presentation

A

GI symptoms, resolution, shock/coma

40
Q

Serotonin syndrome treatment

A

benzos, cyproheptadine

41
Q

Location of buckle fracture

A

metaphysis

42
Q

Most common bones in bend fractures

A

ulna, fibula

43
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

fracture does not completely traverse bone

44
Q

Most common Salter Harris fracture

A

type 2 (80-85%): physis into metaphysis

45
Q

Treatment of nursemaids elbow

A

fully supinate and flex arm

46
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

ulna midshaft fracture with dislocation of the radius

47
Q

Toddler’s fracture

A

spinal fracture of the femur in child 10 mo to 6 years

48
Q

Bucket handle fracture

A

small metaphyseal chip at the ends of long bones - result of forceful twisting

49
Q

Patellar dislocation direction

A

lateral

50
Q

Vascular injury in supracondylar humerus fracture

A

brachial artery

51
Q

Most common type of skull fracture

A

linear

52
Q

Basilar skull fracture findings

A

periorbital hematomas, periauricular hematomas, CSF rhinorrhea, hemotympanum, CN palsy

53
Q

CT findings: subdural

A

crescent shaped

54
Q

CT findings: epidural

A

lens shaped

55
Q

Most common intrathoracic injury in children

A

pulmonary contusions

56
Q

Direct chest impact to chest causing ventricular fibrillation

A

commotio cordis

57
Q

Most common intrabdominal injury in children

A

spleen

58
Q

Post-traumatic iritis

A

1-2 days after trauma to eye, ciliary spasm, miosis, photophobia, pain, lacrimation

59
Q

Hyphema complications

A

post-traumatic glaucoma, re-bleeding

60
Q

Hyphema management

A

bed rest with HOB elevation

61
Q

Superficial burns

A

1st degree - erythematous, painful, no blisters

62
Q

Superficial partial thickness burns

A

2nd degree - blisters

63
Q

Deep partial thickness burns

A

3rd degree - dired, pale, non-painful

64
Q

Full thickness burns

A

4th degree - white, yellow, brown, black w/ eschar

65
Q

Burn center referral indications

A

burns w/ respiratory injury, chemical/electrical, partial thickness > 20%, full thickness > 2%, any full thickness burns of hands, feet, face or perineum

66
Q

Amblyopia prevention

A

patch the “good” eye

67
Q

Congential esotropia management

A

surgery at 6-12 months

68
Q

Mobius syndrome

A

unilateral or bilateral CN 6 and 7 palsy (esotropia and expressionless face)

69
Q

Management of persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

probing, silicone stent, surgery

70
Q

Differential for nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

congenital glaucoma - enlarged and hazy cornea

71
Q

Rate of 2nd tumor in retinoblastoma

A

25-30% (osteosarcoma, melanoma)

72
Q

Differential for leukokoria

A

cataracts, ROP w/ retinal detachment, toxocariasis, coloboma

73
Q

Common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

74
Q

Timing of ophthalmia neonatorum

A

chemical - 1st day of life

gonococcal - day 2 to 4

75
Q

Treatment of gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

cetriaxone x 1, search for source

76
Q

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

oral erythromycin x 14 days

77
Q

Erythromycin ointment prevents

A

ocular gonorrheal infection

78
Q

Hereditary cataracts genetics

A

AD

79
Q

Cataracts: chromosomal defects

A

trisomy 13, 18, 21, Turner

80
Q

Cataracts: infection

A

toxoplasma, CMV, HSV

81
Q

Cataracts: metabolic

A

galactosemia

82
Q

Syndromes associated with ectopia lentis

A

Marfan syndrome - superior, homocystinuria - inferior

83
Q

Fetal warfarin syndrome findings

A

nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphysis, growth restriction

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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