General Pediatrics Flashcards
Seborrheic dermatitis treatment
Scalp - 2% ketoconazole shampoo
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
AR disorder of Zn deficiency
Pityriasis rosea treatment
Symptomatic
Pityriasis rosea differential diagnosis
Secondary syphilis
Guttate psoriasis trigger
Streptococcal infection (2-4 weeks prior)
Auspitz sign
Bleeding after removal of scale
Incontinetia pigmenti genetics
X-linked dominant
Incontinetia pigmenti findings
- Inflammatory vesicles
- Verrucous lesions
- Swirled brown to gray patches
- Hypopigmented
Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn
hairless yellow-to-orange plaque on the scalp
Urticaria pigmentosa
mastocytosis disorder - multiple red-brown macules and papules
Darier sign
lesions urticate when rubbed (Urticaria pigments)
Scarlet fever findings
sandpaper rash in the neck/axilla, desquamation, circumoral pallor, Pastia lines, strawberry tongue
Tinea versicolor etiologic agent
Malassezia furfur
Tinea versicolor treatment
Topical anti-fungal
Tinea capitis findings
“black dot” appearance
Tinea capitis treatment
Oral griseofulvin for 6 to 8 weeks
Night terror occur during…
Non-REM sleep
Nightmares occur during…
REM sleep
Most infants sleep through the night by what age?
4-6 months (70-80% sleep for 6 to 8 hours)
Sleep walking occurs during…
non-REM sleep (2-4 hours after sleep onset)
Head banding timing
during sleep transitions
Age range of breath holding spells
6 mo to 2 years
Sensitivity
Likelihood of a test being positive in the presence of disease
Specificity
Likelihood of a test being negative in the abscence of disease
Positive predictive value
Porportion of children with a positive test who actually have the condition (affected by prevalence)
Negative predictive value
Proportion of children with a negative test who do not have the condition (affected by prevalance)
Prevalance
number of children in a population with a given disorder amont the total number of children at a given time
ADHD diagnosis
onset of symptoms PRIOR to age 7
Anticholinergic findings
Mydriasis, agitation, hallucination, dry skin, flushing
Sympathomimetic findings
Mydriasis, sweating, hyperactivity, dysrhythmia
Organophosphate findings
Miosis, salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis, pulmonary edema
Substances not absorbed by charcoal
simple ions (Li, CN), simple alcohols (ethanol), strong acids/bases (HCl, NaOH)
Whole bowel irrigation indications
Fe, Li, sustained release agents
Organophosphate antidote
atropine
Anticholinergic antidote
physostigmine
Methanol antidote
ethanol
Salicylate lab findings
metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, coagulopathy
Alkanization therapy indications
salicylates, TCA’s
Iron presentation
GI symptoms, resolution, shock/coma
Serotonin syndrome treatment
benzos, cyproheptadine
Location of buckle fracture
metaphysis
Most common bones in bend fractures
ulna, fibula
Greenstick fracture
fracture does not completely traverse bone
Most common Salter Harris fracture
type 2 (80-85%): physis into metaphysis
Treatment of nursemaids elbow
fully supinate and flex arm
Monteggia fracture
ulna midshaft fracture with dislocation of the radius
Toddler’s fracture
spinal fracture of the femur in child 10 mo to 6 years
Bucket handle fracture
small metaphyseal chip at the ends of long bones - result of forceful twisting
Patellar dislocation direction
lateral
Vascular injury in supracondylar humerus fracture
brachial artery
Most common type of skull fracture
linear
Basilar skull fracture findings
periorbital hematomas, periauricular hematomas, CSF rhinorrhea, hemotympanum, CN palsy
CT findings: subdural
crescent shaped
CT findings: epidural
lens shaped
Most common intrathoracic injury in children
pulmonary contusions
Direct chest impact to chest causing ventricular fibrillation
commotio cordis
Most common intrabdominal injury in children
spleen
Post-traumatic iritis
1-2 days after trauma to eye, ciliary spasm, miosis, photophobia, pain, lacrimation
Hyphema complications
post-traumatic glaucoma, re-bleeding
Hyphema management
bed rest with HOB elevation
Superficial burns
1st degree - erythematous, painful, no blisters
Superficial partial thickness burns
2nd degree - blisters
Deep partial thickness burns
3rd degree - dired, pale, non-painful
Full thickness burns
4th degree - white, yellow, brown, black w/ eschar
Burn center referral indications
burns w/ respiratory injury, chemical/electrical, partial thickness > 20%, full thickness > 2%, any full thickness burns of hands, feet, face or perineum
Amblyopia prevention
patch the “good” eye
Congential esotropia management
surgery at 6-12 months
Mobius syndrome
unilateral or bilateral CN 6 and 7 palsy (esotropia and expressionless face)
Management of persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction
probing, silicone stent, surgery
Differential for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
congenital glaucoma - enlarged and hazy cornea
Rate of 2nd tumor in retinoblastoma
25-30% (osteosarcoma, melanoma)
Differential for leukokoria
cataracts, ROP w/ retinal detachment, toxocariasis, coloboma
Common cause of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus
Timing of ophthalmia neonatorum
chemical - 1st day of life
gonococcal - day 2 to 4
Treatment of gonococcal conjunctivitis
cetriaxone x 1, search for source
Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis
oral erythromycin x 14 days
Erythromycin ointment prevents
ocular gonorrheal infection
Hereditary cataracts genetics
AD
Cataracts: chromosomal defects
trisomy 13, 18, 21, Turner
Cataracts: infection
toxoplasma, CMV, HSV
Cataracts: metabolic
galactosemia
Syndromes associated with ectopia lentis
Marfan syndrome - superior, homocystinuria - inferior
Fetal warfarin syndrome findings
nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphysis, growth restriction
