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Pediatrics > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of seizures during the 1st 24 hours of life

A

HIE

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2
Q

Characteristics of benign neonatal myoclonus

A

Occurs during sleep, suppressible by touch

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3
Q

Jacksonian march occurs during which siezure type

A

Simple partial

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4
Q

Automatisms occur during which seizure type

A

Complex partial

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5
Q

Aura occurs prior to which seizure type

A

Simple partial

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6
Q

Recurrence rate for febrile seizure

A

33%

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7
Q

Age limit for febrile seizure

A

6 yo

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8
Q

Vaccinations associated with febrile seizure

A

MMR, DTaP

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9
Q

EEG findings of infantile spasms

A

hypsarrhythmia

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10
Q

West syndrome

A

infantile spasms + arrest of psychomotor development

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11
Q

Treatment for infantile spasms

A

ACTH, vigabratin

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12
Q

EEG findigns in Landau-Kleffner

A

during sleep

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13
Q

Characteristic of Landau-Kleffner

A

age 3-5 years, language regression

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14
Q

EEG findings in absence seizures

A

3/second spike and slow wave complexes

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15
Q

Treatment of absence seizures

A

ethosuximide, valproate

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16
Q

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy age group

A

adolescents

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17
Q

Characteristics of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

occur during waking, require lifelong treatment

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18
Q

EEG findings of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

generalized poly spikes

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19
Q

Lennox-Gastaut prognosis

A

MR, intractable seizures

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20
Q

Characterisitics of temporal lobe seizures

A

complex partial seizure with automatisms

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21
Q

Characterisitics of benign focal epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes

A

age 8-10 yo, remit by 16 yo, nocturnal GTC

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22
Q

Phenytoin side effects

A

hirsutism, gingival hypertrophy

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23
Q

Topiramate side effects

A

weight loss, kideny stones, cognitive difficulties

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24
Q

Valproate side effects

A

weight gain, PCOS, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity

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25
Q

Carbamazepine side effects

A

BM suppresssoin, hyponatremia

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26
Q

Breath holding spells association

A

iron deficiency anemia

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27
Q

Trigger for pallid breath holding spells

A

trivial head trauma, ocular pressure

28
Q

PANDAS

A

tic disorder or OCD triggered by GAS infection

29
Q

Stereotypies

A

non-purposeful repetitive movements in neurologically impaired children

30
Q

Spasmus nutans

A

head tilt, head titubation, nystagmus (begins in 1st month and remits by 1-2 years)

31
Q

Cataplexy

A

sudden loss of tone

32
Q

Migraine epidemiology

A

More common in girls AFTER puberty

33
Q

Acute confusional migraine trigger

A

mild head trauma

34
Q

Basilar artery migraine symptoms

A

ataxia, nausea, dysarthria, hemiparesis, followed by occipital headache

35
Q

Most prevalent neurocutaneous disorder

A

NF type 1

36
Q

NF1 genetics

A

AD

37
Q

Diagnostic criteria for NF1

A

cafe au lait macules, neurofibromas. axillary/inguinal freckling, optic glioma, lisch nodules, osseous lesions

38
Q

NF1 association

A

learning disabilities (35%)

39
Q

NF2 genetics

A

AD

40
Q

NF2 presentation

A

hearing loss, late onset (avg. age 22 years)

41
Q

Tuberous sclerosis genetics

A

AD

42
Q

Disorder associated with infantile spasms

A

Tuberous sclerosis

43
Q

Tuberous sclerosis findings

A

ash leaf spots, shagreen patch, adenoma sebaceum, subungal fibromas, MR, intracranial calcifications

44
Q

High risk for Sturge-Weber

A

bilateral, V1, V2+V3, eyelids

45
Q

Sturge-Weber complications

A

glaucoma, retinal detachment, MR, seizures

46
Q

PHACE syndrome

A

posterior fossa brain malformation, hemagiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye abnormalities, sternal cleft

47
Q

SMA genetics

A

AR

48
Q

Muscular dystrophy genetics

A

XLR - Duchenne’s, Beckert

AD - myotonic dystrophy

49
Q

Myotonic dystrophy genetics

A

maternal transmission, trinucleotide repeat disorder

50
Q

Dandy-Walker

A

agenesis of cerebellar vermis, dilation of 4th ventricle, enlarged posterior fossa

51
Q

Most common inherited ataxic condition

A

Friedreich’s ataxia

52
Q

Friedreich’s ataxia genetics

A

trinucleotide repeat disorder (GAA)

53
Q

Findings in Friedreich’s ataxia

A

dysarthria, high-arched foot, cardiomyopathy, afib, diabetes

54
Q

Rett syndrome genetics

A

X-linked dominant

55
Q

Wilson’s disease presentation

A

de novo psychiatric illness and a movement disorder

56
Q

Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome

A

DD, intractable seizures (may be focal), cortical atrophy, liver failure

57
Q

Congenital myopathy with ptosis and ophthalmoplegia

A

myotubular myopathy

58
Q

Congenital myopathy associated with malignant hyperthermia

A

central core, nemaline rod, minicore myopathies

59
Q

Nemaline rod myopathy facies

A

elongated, narrow face with facial diplegia, lower jaw open

60
Q

Difference between BMD and DMD

A 
DMD = no dystrophin
BMD = decreased dystrophin
61
Q

Emery-Dreifuss MD natural history

A

slowly progessive weakness, survival depends on cardiac involvement

62
Q

Myotonic dystrophy findings

A

distal weakness, ptosis, elongated facies, frontal balding, testicular atrophy, cataracts, heart disease

63
Q

Congential muscular dystrophy that is more severely affected

A

merosin negative

64
Q

Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy findings

A

proximal muscle weakness (face sparing), muscle wasting

65
Q

Ulrich muscular dystrophy

A

hypotonia, proximal joint contractures, hyperlaxity of hands, prominent calcenei (merosin negative)

66
Q

Drug-drug interaction: Carbamazepine

A

macrolide antibiotics

67
Q

Vital sign abnormality in hyponatremic seizures

A

hypothermia

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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