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Physiology > pulmonary ventilation > Flashcards

pulmonary ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

define respiration

A

provide oxygen to tissues and removes co2 from tissues

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2
Q

four functions of lung

A

pulmonary ventilation (air from atmosphere to alveoli), regulation of ventilation, diffusion of o2/co2, transport of o2/co2in blood to and from tissues

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3
Q

upper respiratory system

A

esophagus, vocal cords, larynx pharynx tongue, nasal cavity

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4
Q

lower resipratory system

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs

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5
Q

normal respiration

A

diaphragm contracts (decreases pleural pressure) and relaxes (increases pleural pressure) allows elastic recoil of lungs chest all and abdominal structures to compress lungs

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6
Q

heavy breathing

A

add contraction of abs because elastic forces dont expel air fast enough

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7
Q

why does lung naturally collapse

A

lungs are very elastic and surface tension of water

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8
Q

Explain why the normal pressure of the pleural cavity (pleural pressure) is negative.

A

The lymphatic system drainage as well as the surface tension of water creates suction

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9
Q

Explain how a negative pleural pressure tends to expand the lungs.

A

Negative pressure holds visceral layer close to chest wall and allows for expansion of lungs

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10
Q

pleural pressure start of inspiration, during inspiration during expiration

A

-5,-7.5,-5

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11
Q

alveolar presssure start of inspiration, during inspiration during expiration

A

0,-1,+1

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12
Q

transpulmonary pressure start of inspiration, during inspiration, during expiration

A

-5,-6.5,-5

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13
Q

duration of inspiration normal breathing

A

2 sec

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14
Q

duration of expiration

A

2-3 seconds

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15
Q

define compliance

A

how much lungs will expand for each unit increase

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16
Q

normal compliance

A

200 ml air/1cm h20

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17
Q

what are elastic force of lung tissue

A

stretch of elastin and collagen fibers 1/3 of total elastic forces

18
Q

elastic forces caused by surface tension

A

2/3 of total elastic forces caused by air fluid interface

19
Q

transmembrane/transpulmonary pressure

A

recoil pressure that wants to collapse the lungs

20
Q

Normal dead space/anatomical

A

Part of respiratory system that does include alveoli 150 ml

21
Q

Normal breath per minute

A

12

22
Q

Max breath per minute

A

40-50

23
Q

Define alveolar ventilation

A

Total air that comes in contact with alveoli/blood each minute 500-150 x12=4200

24
Q

Two types of elastic forces

A

Surface tension 2/3 and elastic forces tissue 1/3

25
Q

Define air water interface

A

Water molecules at surface form very strong attraction and actually cause surface to want to contract

26
Q

What is surfactant and what does it do

A

Reduces surface tension of water by 8 -50% has several phospholipids

27
Q

Collapsing pressure equation

A

2x surface tension/ radius of alveolus

28
Q

Amount of collapsing pressure alveolus create

A

4 cm H2O

29
Q

Amount of collapsing pressure created by alveolus without surfactant .

A

18 cm h20

30
Q

Effect of halving alveolar radius on collapsing pressure

A

Double. Smaller radius equals higher tendency to collapse

31
Q

Source of surfactant

A

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells 10% surface area

32
Q

Tendency of alveoli to collapse in a premature baby vs adult

A

6-8 times respiratory distress syndrome

33
Q

Why are premature babies at risk for respiratory distress syndrome

A

Surfactant is produced at 7 months of gestation. No surfactant coupled with a radius 1/4 the size of an adult equals bad news.

34
Q

Compliance of lungs vs lungs and thorax

A

110ml/cmh20 everything vs 200ml of air/1cmh20 just lungs

35
Q

Three things that effect energy required for breathing

A
  1. Force required to overcome elastic work Compliance or elastic work(takes surface tension into account). 2. Force required to expand lungs against viscosity of tissue. ( tissue resistance work)
  2. airway resistance work
36
Q

Percentage of total energy used for pulmonary ventilation. How much will it increase during heavy exercise?

A

3-5%, 50 times

37
Q

Vt

A

Tidal volume

38
Q

VC

A

= IRV+Vt+ERV or IC + ERV

39
Q

TLC

A

VC+RV or IC FRC

40
Q

FRC

A

= ERV + RV

41
Q

Vd Va

A

Vol of dead space gas

Vol. of alveolar gas

42
Q

. . . . . . .

Vi Ve Vs Va Vo2 Vco2 VCO

A

Inspired volume of ventilation per minute, expired volume of ventilation per minute, shunt flow alveolar ventilation per minute, o2 uptake per minute, co2 eliminated per minute, carbon monoxide uptake per minute.

Physiology (27 decks)

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