Blood categories and functions Flashcards
what does blood do
transport: raw materials,metabolic waste, function modulators. protection: wbc, antibody/ complement, platelet/ coag proteins. temperature control
plasma protein function
maintain osmotic pres. / fluid balance, transport other mol., provide immune functions, hemostasis, act as blood buffers,enzymes
albumin role
principle protein responsible for colloid osmotic pressure, transport free fatty acids and bilirubin, binds competitively with other drugs
complement system function
approx 20 proteins, immune response mediates defense and inflammatory events on cell surface, forms surface membrane attach complex,
kinin system function
forms bradykinin by kallikreins
blood coag system function
cascade initiated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, thrombin formed which converts fibrinogen into fibrin
plasma protease inhibitors
inhibit proteolytic system
a2 macroglobulin inhibits
plasmin,thrombin,kallikrein 250mg/dl 3.5umol
antithrombin 3 inhibits
thrombin factor Xa IXa 15 mg/dl 2.5 umol
C1 inhibitor inhibits
activated C1r, C1s, Kallikrein 18mg/dl 1.5 u mol
a2 plasmin inhibitor
inhibits plasmin 7mg/dl 1umol
haptoglobin
protein that binds with plasma hemoglobin from lysed RBC
Hemopexin
protein that binds with free heme from plasma hemoglobin
haptoglobin plasma concentration and function
130 mg/dl produced by liver binds with up to 3 gm of Hb which is 5 x the amount released on a daily basis combo binds to liver where iron is processed
hemopexin concentration and function
50-100 mg/dl complex removed circulation and iron reprocessed, binds with heme. if capacity exceeded metheme bind with albumin but complex is not filtered
methemoglobin
Fe 3+. normal state of iron component of heme Fe2+ but methemoglobin reductase keeps iron in reduced state. Methemoglobin does not bind with O2
causes of methemoglobin
oxidation by nitrites or sulfonamides, congenital deficiency of methemoglobin reductase
Hg F production time and site
4th month, immature rbc in bone marrow
Neutrophil life span
10-12 hours in blood 5-6 days in tissue
Immature neutrophils released into circulation are called
Bands
Eosinophil function
Attack foreign proteins and parasite and are common in allergic reaction
Chemical that eosinophils release
MBP major basic protein. Attaches to antigen and causes antigen to lyse. Toxic to all antigens. If no antigen it will attack endothelium
Life span of eosinophils
12-24 hours. Mature in bone marrow circulate for a day then come to rest in skin,bronchi ,bronchioles
Basophil function
Exhibit chemotaxis and release histamine and heparin at site of antigen
Basophils residence
When basophils are mature they are called mast cells. They reside in intestine skin lungs mucosa in nose
Monocytes
Circulate for a day or two then mature into macrophages or histocytes. They then migrate into tissue spaces
Cytokines
Glycoproteins that cause pluripotential cells to replicate or differentiate, regulates immune response, involved with inflammation, aids in function of mature blood cells
Hematopoiesis
Production of mature blood cells from stem cells
Cytokines are released by
Endothelial cells monocytes macrophages fibroblasts and lymphocytes
Types of hematopoietic growth factors
Interleukins 1-13, colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) and (GM-CSF) m means macrophage, thrombopoietins, erythropoietin
Thrombopoietins
All molecules responsible for the development if platelets from Megakaryocytes
Erythropoietin
Renal hormone that controls RBC production
Other factors required for Hematopoiesis
Vitamins B-12 and folio acid, metals like iron cobalt and manganese, amino acids, hormones like thyroxin
