Blood categories and functions

Question 1

what does blood do

Answer 1

transport: raw materials,metabolic waste, function modulators. protection: wbc, antibody/ complement, platelet/ coag proteins. temperature control

Question 2

plasma protein function

Answer 2

maintain osmotic pres. / fluid balance, transport other mol., provide immune functions, hemostasis, act as blood buffers,enzymes

Question 3

albumin role

Answer 3

principle protein responsible for colloid osmotic pressure, transport free fatty acids and bilirubin, binds competitively with other drugs

Question 4

complement system function

Answer 4

approx 20 proteins, immune response mediates defense and inflammatory events on cell surface, forms surface membrane attach complex,

Question 5

kinin system function

Answer 5

forms bradykinin by kallikreins

Question 6

blood coag system function

Answer 6

cascade initiated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, thrombin formed which converts fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 7

plasma protease inhibitors

Answer 7

inhibit proteolytic system

Question 8

a2 macroglobulin inhibits

Answer 8

plasmin,thrombin,kallikrein 250mg/dl 3.5umol

Question 9

antithrombin 3 inhibits

Answer 9

thrombin factor Xa IXa 15 mg/dl 2.5 umol

Question 10

C1 inhibitor inhibits

Answer 10

activated C1r, C1s, Kallikrein 18mg/dl 1.5 u mol

Question 11

a2 plasmin inhibitor

Answer 11

inhibits plasmin 7mg/dl 1umol

Question 12

haptoglobin

Answer 12

protein that binds with plasma hemoglobin from lysed RBC

Question 13

Hemopexin

Answer 13

protein that binds with free heme from plasma hemoglobin

Question 14

haptoglobin plasma concentration and function

Answer 14

130 mg/dl produced by liver binds with up to 3 gm of Hb which is 5 x the amount released on a daily basis combo binds to liver where iron is processed

Question 15

hemopexin concentration and function

Answer 15

50-100 mg/dl complex removed circulation and iron reprocessed, binds with heme. if capacity exceeded metheme bind with albumin but complex is not filtered

Question 16

methemoglobin

Answer 16

Fe 3+. normal state of iron component of heme Fe2+ but methemoglobin reductase keeps iron in reduced state. Methemoglobin does not bind with O2

Question 17

causes of methemoglobin

Answer 17

oxidation by nitrites or sulfonamides, congenital deficiency of methemoglobin reductase

Question 18

Hg F production time and site

Answer 18

4th month, immature rbc in bone marrow

Question 19

Neutrophil life span

Answer 19

10-12 hours in blood 5-6 days in tissue

Question 20

Immature neutrophils released into circulation are called

Answer 20

Bands

Question 21

Eosinophil function

Answer 21

Attack foreign proteins and parasite and are common in allergic reaction

Question 22

Chemical that eosinophils release

Answer 22

MBP major basic protein. Attaches to antigen and causes antigen to lyse. Toxic to all antigens. If no antigen it will attack endothelium

Question 23

Life span of eosinophils

Answer 23

12-24 hours. Mature in bone marrow circulate for a day then come to rest in skin,bronchi ,bronchioles

Question 24

Basophil function

Answer 24

Exhibit chemotaxis and release histamine and heparin at site of antigen

Question 25

Basophils residence

Answer 25

When basophils are mature they are called mast cells. They reside in intestine skin lungs mucosa in nose

Question 26

Monocytes

Answer 26

Circulate for a day or two then mature into macrophages or histocytes. They then migrate into tissue spaces

Question 27

Cytokines

Answer 27

Glycoproteins that cause pluripotential cells to replicate or differentiate, regulates immune response, involved with inflammation, aids in function of mature blood cells

Question 28

Hematopoiesis

Answer 28

Production of mature blood cells from stem cells

Question 29

Cytokines are released by

Answer 29

Endothelial cells monocytes macrophages fibroblasts and lymphocytes

Question 30

Types of hematopoietic growth factors

Answer 30

Interleukins 1-13, colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) and (GM-CSF) m means macrophage, thrombopoietins, erythropoietin

Question 31

Thrombopoietins

Answer 31

All molecules responsible for the development if platelets from Megakaryocytes

Question 32

Erythropoietin

Answer 32

Renal hormone that controls RBC production

Question 33

Other factors required for Hematopoiesis

Answer 33

Vitamins B-12 and folio acid, metals like iron cobalt and manganese, amino acids, hormones like thyroxin