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Physiology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS CONTROL CENTERS

A

spinal cord brain stem hypothalamus (also operates via visceral reflexes)

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2
Q

hypothalamus controls

A

water balance,feeding control, heat control

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3
Q

brain stem controls

A

urinary bladder, pneumotaxic center, cardiac accleration and vasoconstriction, cardiac slowing, respiratory center

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4
Q

sympathetic fibers vs parasympathetic fibers

A

sympathetic pre fibers are short post are long. opposite for parasympathetic

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5
Q

sympathetic efferent fibers originate

A

in spinal cord T1 to L2

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6
Q

preganglionic transmission options

A
  1. )Synapse directly with postganglionic fibers
  2. ) Follow preganglionic pathway to one of two peripheral ganglia where they synapse with postganglionic fibers
  3. ) Pass through the sympathetic chains then through the splanchnic nerves to the two adrenal medullae
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7
Q

Sympathetic fibers & the skeletal nerves

A

Some postganglionic fibers that originate in the sympathetic chains pass back into the spinal cord at all levels of the cord
 They then extend to all parts of the body via the skeletal nerves

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8
Q

percentage of sympathetic fibers in skeletal nerves

A

8%. they control pili erector, sweat glands some blood vessels

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9
Q

cranial nerve 3

A

ciliary ganglion and ciliary muscles of eye

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10
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

pupillary sphincter, sphenopalatine ganglion, lacrimal glands, nasal glands

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11
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

submandibular ganglion, submandibular gland

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12
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

otic ganglion, parotid gland

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13
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

heart, stomach, pylorus, colon, small intestine, ileocecal valve, anal sphincter, detrusor, trigone,

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14
Q

sacral 1-4

A

only parasympathetic fibers from vertebrae. mostly come from 2 and 3

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15
Q

celiac ganglion organs

A

pylorus, adrenal medulla, kidney, ureter, intestine ileocecal valve, anal sphincter

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16
Q

hypogastric plexus

A

bladder, trigone, detrusor

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17
Q

organs that have no peripheral ganglion

A

eye, heart, bronchi

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18
Q

amount of molecules in transmitter vesicle

A

200-10000

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19
Q

4 different actions of alpha component

A

1.)pen specific ion channel through post synaptic membrane (long lasting).
2.)Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)( Can activate a variety of metabolic activities)
3.) Activation of one or more intracellular enzymes
4.) Activation of gene transcription
(Create changes in metabolic machinery or cellular structure)

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20
Q

all ANS preganglionic fibers release

A

ACH

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21
Q

most post ganglionic fiber of parasympathetic fiber release

A

ACH

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22
Q

most post ganglionic fiber of sympathetic fiber release

A

noreepinephrine (except sweat glands pili erector and some blood vessels which release ACH)

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23
Q

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE is made from

A

acetyl coa and choline and requires acetylycholinetranferase

24
Q

removal of ACH from synaptic cleft

A

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE hydrolyses ACH into acetate ion and choline. choline is taken up by terminal nerve ending

25
Q

production of NORE

A

Starts in axoplasm of terminal nerve ending [Tyrosine> Dopa] via hydroxylation [Dopa>Dopamine] via decarboxylation opa transported into vesicles for final production step
 [Dopamine> Norepinephrine] via hydroxylation

26
Q

In adrenal medulla …of the norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine via methylation process

A

80%

27
Q

REMOVAL OF NORE

A

1.) 50% to 80% moved back into terminal nerve ending via active transport process
2.)Most of the rest diffuses away from the nerve endings into surrounding tissue
3.) Small amount destroyed by monoamine oxidase or catechol-O-methyl transferase
( Monoamine oxidase mainly in nerve endings Catechol-O-methyl transferase present in all tissues)

28
Q

Norepinephrine Active Time

A

 Normally remains active for several seconds
 Norepinephrine and epinephrine released by adrenal medullae into blood remains active for 10 to 30 seconds
 Level of activity takes 1 to 3 minutes to degenerate to nothing
 Deactivated by the catechol-O-methyl transferase, mainly in the liver

29
Q

MUSCARINIC AND NICOTINIC RECEPTORS

A

Muscarinic
Receptor on effector organs innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
Nicotinic
Receptor on postganglionic fibers of all autonomic fibers, Receptor on neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
both activated by ACH

30
Q

types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha (alpha1 and alpha2)
Beta (beta1 (β1), beta2 (β2), and beta3 (β3)
Both types of receptors can produce excitatory AND inhibitory responses – Response depends EFFECTOR ORGAN

31
Q

 Norepinephrine secreted by adrenal medullae

A

Main affect on alpha receptors  Much smaller effect on beta receptors

32
Q

Epinephrine secreted by adrenal medullae

A

excites both types of receptors equally

33
Q

alpha a1 receptors

A

vasoconstriction, iris dilation, intestinal relaxation, intestinal sphincter contraction, pilomotor contraction, bladder sphincter contraction

34
Q

a2 receptor

A

inhibits neurotransmitter release

35
Q

beta 1 receptor

A

cardio acceleration, increased myocardial strength, lipolysis

36
Q

beta 2 receptors

A

vasodilation, intestinal relaxation, uterus relaxation, bronchodilation, calorigenesis, glycogenolysis, bladder wall relaxation

37
Q

beta 3 receptors

A

thermogenesis

38
Q

impulses required for normal tone

A

1 impulse per second. max with 10-20 per second

39
Q

normal release of nore by medulla

A

0.05 μg/kg/minute

40
Q

normal release of epi by medulla

A

0.2 μg/kg/minute

41
Q

blood vessel sym/para

A

Most often constricted

Most often little or no effect

42
Q

heart muscle

A

Increased rate Increased force contraction

Slowed rate Decreased force contraction mainly in atria

43
Q

Heart coronaries

A

Dilated (β2); Constricted (α)

Dilated

44
Q

lungs bronchi

A

dilated constricted

45
Q

lungs blood vessels

A

Mild constriction

? Dilated

46
Q

gut

A

decreased activity, increased activity

47
Q

kidney

A

Decreased urine output Increased renin secretion

None

48
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Increased glycogenolysis Increased strength

None

49
Q

Systemic arterioles abdominal viscera

A

Constricted

None

50
Q

Systemic arterioles muscle

A

Constricted (α) Dilated (β2) Dilated (cholinergic)

None

51
Q

skin

A

constricted, none

52
Q

blood coag

A

increased, none

53
Q

blood glucose

A

increased, none

54
Q

blood lipids

A

increased, none

55
Q

basal metabolism

A

increased up to 100%, none

56
Q

adrenal medullary secretion

A

increased, none

57
Q

mental activity

A

increased, none

Physiology (27 decks)

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