Pulmonary System

Question 1

of right lung sections vs. # of left lung sections

Answer 1

Right lung has three sections (superior, middle, inferior lobes), left has two.

Question 2

Oblique fissure

Answer 2

Divides inferior lobes of the lung from the other parts of the lung.

Question 3

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 3

The part of respiratory system where branching stops. Alveoli takes air via these.

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

Due to malfunctioning immune response, smooth muscle in bronchioles contract.

Question 5

Normal smooth muscle function in bronchioles during exercise

Answer 5

During intense activity, this muscle relaxes to let air through

Question 6

Visceral pleura

Answer 6

Thin layer of tissue that surrounds the air cavity outside of lung. Innermost layer of pleura.

Question 7

Parietal pleura

Answer 7

Thin layer of tissue that surrounds the air cavity outside of lung. Outermost layer of pleura.

Question 8

Pneumothorax

Answer 8

Condition where “air that doesn’t belong there” fills the space between visceral and parietal pleura (there usually isn’t space between them). Can happen if stabbed.

Question 9

Partial Pressure of O2, CO2 in Alveolus vs. Partial Pressure of O2, CO2 in Body

Answer 9

100mmHg, 40mmHg / 40mmHg, 46mmHg

Question 10

% of CO2 transported as gas, as bound to hemoglobin, and as HCO3-

Answer 10

10%, 20%, and 70% of CO2 are transported in our blood as?

Majority of CO2 are converted to bicarbonate by reaction in red blood cells. Some CO2 bind to amine groups on hemoglobin

Question 11

Chloride Shift

Answer 11

In hemoglobin, CO2 is converted to HCO3- and transported out of hemoglobin via antiport system using Cl- ion from the plasma. This is called?

Question 12

Tidal Volume

Answer 12

volume of air breathed normally without force by a person

Question 13

Expiratory / Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 13

maximum forced volume of air exhaled / breathed in

Question 14

Vital Capacity

Answer 14

Sum of expiratory, inspiratory reserves, and tidal volume: maximum volume of air a person can have in active parts of their lungs

Question 15

Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) uses in lung imaging

Answer 15

Used in conjunction with Tc-99, it gets stuck in pulmonary capillaries for imaging with gamma camera

Question 16

Trachea layers, from outside to inside

Answer 16

Adventitia, tracheal ring (Hyaline cartilage), smooth muscle, mucous coat

Question 17

Alveolar Cavity

Answer 17

Holes between alveoli to equalize pressure

Question 18

Bohr Effect vs Haldane Effect

Answer 18

High pressure of CO2 (as in tissues) shifts dissociation curve of Hgb with O2 to right (less affinity to O2, thus deposit oxygen) vs. low pressure of O2 (in tissues) shifts curve to left for CO2 (more affinity to CO2, thus take more CO2). Both have same effect.

Question 19

Approximate vital capacity volume, total lung capacity, and tidal volume

Answer 19

~5 liters and ~6 liters and ~0.5 liter