Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Question 1

Epiphysis

Answer 1

End part of the bone, bordered by epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage. Houses spongy/trabecular bones.

Question 2

Medullary Cavity

Answer 2

Space in bone where red and yellow marrows are stored

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

Main part of the bone, bordered on either side by epiphyseal plate. Houses red and yellow bone marrows.

Question 4

Periosteum

Answer 4

Coat that surrounds every bones. Fibrous and tough (thin) layer that is covered with blood vessels and nerves. Parts of bones with tendons/ligaments and articular cartilage is NOT covered with periosteum.

Question 5

Endosteum

Answer 5

Microscopic laminar coat inside part of periosteum, tough.

Question 6

fossa, sulcus, groove

Answer 6

Depressions in the bones of various sizes and shapes

Question 7

process, tubercle, tuberosity

Answer 7

Bumps of various sizes and shapes in bones

Question 8

foramen

Answer 8

Naturally formed hole in bones

Question 9

Foramen magnum

Answer 9

Opening for exit of spinal cord from the skull into spine (literally “the great hole”).

Also occipital magnum.

Question 10

Suprasternal notch

Answer 10

This part of sternum marks the top border of the sternum. U-shaped border.

Also jugular notch.

Question 11

Xiphoid process

Answer 11

This protrusion marks the bottom border of the sternum. A bump that can be felt at bottom part of sternum.

Question 12

Deltoid tuberosity

Answer 12

Located in the middle of the humerus (large bone of the arms), attachment to deltoid muscle (which wraps around shoulder to attach to bone below bicep muscle). Could be mistaken for cancer growth.

Question 13

Glenoid fossa

Answer 13

Cup-shaped depression for humerus (large bone of the arms) to attach to scapula (wing-shaped bone on our left/right back) as a ball-and-socket joint.

Question 14

Anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 14

A convenient site of bone marrow aspiration in adults, located in pelvis. Can be felt as a protrusion slightly below transverse plane of belly button, on the front.

Question 15

Posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 15

A convenient site of bone marrow aspiration in children, located in pelvis. Can be felt as a protrusion slightly below transverse plane of belly button, on the back.

Question 16

Acetabulum

Answer 16

Cup-shaped depression for point of contact between femur (leg) and iliac (pelvis). Ball-and-socket joint.

Question 17

Symphysis pubis

Answer 17

Cartilage that joins left and right pelvis bones, located anterior to bladder and superior to external genitalia. Set as z=0 in phantoms.

Question 18

Ilium

Answer 18

Located in pelvis area, wing-shaped bone that supports the organs in the body.

Question 19

Greater trochanter

Answer 19

Just inferior to the femoral neck, which is a common site for hip fractures. Femur neck is right below the ball of the femur. Also a landmark for puncture sites of the femoral vein or artery.

Question 20

Sternum parts in order of top to bottom

Answer 20

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 21

Major spine parts top to bottom

Answer 21

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum (triangle shaped, located in pelvis), and coccyx (the “tail”)

Question 22

Atlas, Axis

Answer 22

C1 and C2 (first two) vertebrae are called these.

Question 23

Tibia and Fibula

Answer 23

Two bones of the legs below femur.

Tibia is larger than fibula.

Question 24

Thin Myofilament and Thick Myofilament

Answer 24

Two fibers responsible for muscle movement. Thin filament is composed of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin, while thick filament is composed of myosin.