Pulmonary RLD - Autoimmune disorders

Question 1

What is sacoidosis?

Answer 1

Inflammatory autoimmune disease

caused by the presence of granulomas in many organs

Question 2

What is granulomas?

Answer 2

Tiny clumps of inflammatory cells = fibrosis

affects lungs and lymps more often

Question 3

What is the prevelance of sacoidosis in the U.S?

Answer 3

~ 150-200k diagnosed

Question 4

What are the 3 distinct features of sarcoidosis?

Answer 4

1. inflammatory response = granulomas and progression to pulmonary fibrosis
2. dx of granulomas
3. 1/3 diagnosed to chronic stage w/ greatest restrictions limiting QOL

Question 5

What is the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis?

Answer 5

• affecting young adults
• unexplained persistent dry cough
• SOB
• chest tightness
• affects women more often
• usually dx age 30-55 y/o

Question 6

What is pulmonary stage 1 of sarcoidosis?

Answer 6

lymph nodes

Question 7

What is pulmonary stage 2 of sarcoidosis?

Answer 7

Lymph nodes and lungs

Question 8

What is pulmonary stage 3 of sarcoidosis?

Answer 8

Lungs

Question 9

What is pulmonary stage 4 of sarcoidosis?

Answer 9

irreversible scarring in the lungs

Question 10

What is the characteristic of pulmonary staging?

Answer 10

not progression like cancer since it can go back and forth

any stage can be mild to severe

Question 11

What are the treatments for sarcoidosis?

Answer 11

steroid until sx are restrictive and progression (stage 2 or 3)

BUT long term use is not beneficial

Question 12

How does RA cause interstitial lung disease?

RA = Rhematoid Arthritis

Answer 12

Chronic inflammation of peripheral joints = progressive destruction of articular and periarticular structures

can assisted with pleural involvement, pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary vasculitis, obliterative bronchiolitis, increased incidence of bronchogenic cancer

Question 13

What is pneumonitis?

Answer 13

inflammation of lung tissue

Question 14

What is interstitial fibrosis?

Answer 14

scarring of lung tissue

Question 15

What is pulmonary nodules?

Answer 15

“spot on the lungs” which is a small round or oval growth in the lungs

Question 16

What is pulmonary vasculitis?

Answer 16

inflammation and destruction of pulmonary vasculature

Question 17

What is obliterative bronchoiolitis?

Answer 17

obstruction of bronchioles

Question 18

What is bronchogenic cancer?

Answer 18

cancer of epithelial cells of bronchus or bronchiole = can grow and become malignant

Question 19

What are the risk factors for interstitial lung disease with people with RA?

Answer 19

• 8x higher risk
• smokeers
• how bad the RA is
• age (over 60)
• males :0

Question 20

What is the clincal presentations of patient’s with RA?

Answer 20

• Progressive dyspnea
• Non-productive cough
• Cyanosis
• Warm, swollen and painful joints
• diminished breath sounds with rales
• reduced vital capacity
• nodules (upper lobe more affected)

Question 21

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

SLE for abbreviation

Answer 21

• Multi-system
• autoimmune disease
• chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder

Most common type of lupus (70%)

Question 22

What body parts are affected with SLE?

Answer 22

With an unknown cause that can affect the:
- skin
- joints
- kidneys
- lung
- nervous tissue
- heart

Majority have 1 major organ affected

linked to genetic, environmental, hormonal causes

Question 23

What is the most common lung dysfunction with SLE?

Answer 23

Pleuritis and disphragmatic weakness

Question 24

What are clinical presentation of SLE?

It’s a picture because 5 or more = lazy to type

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the pulmonary sx of SLE?

Answer 25

decreased volumes
base of lungs have consolidation
pleural friction rub
lung bases with crackles
pulmonary HTN

Question 26

What are the significant sx of SLE?

Answer 26

pain
bad fatigue
hair loss
cognitive issues
physical impairments

Question 27

What is scleroderma?

Answer 27

progressive fibrosing disorder = degenerative changes in different areas

Affects: skin, small blood vessels, esophagus, intestinal tract, lungs, heart, kidney and articular structures

Question 28

How does scleroderma affect the lungs?

Answer 28

progressive diffuse interstitial fibrosis

Question 29

What is the treatment of scleroderma?

Answer 29

No effective drug intervention
- specific sx are treated
- supportive care

Question 30

What are the 2 types of chronic connective tissue disease?

Answer 30

1. localized = affects integumentary system
2. systemic = affects multiple organs

Question 31

What is the prevelance of scleroderma?

Answer 31

~ 100k in the US
more common in women
aged 30-50

Question 32

What is the clinical presentation of scleroderma?

Picture again because aint no way m8

Answer 32

Question 33

What is -myositis?

Answer 33

Inflammation of the muscle
- usually proximal
- difficulty with ADLs
- more common in women
- age is around 30-60 y/o

Question 34

What is the vague description of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

Answer 34

inflammatory autoimmune conditions with progressive muscle weakness and skin changes

Both of these can lead to assocoated cancers

Question 35

What are the pulmonary characteristics of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

Answer 35