Pulmonary RLD - Autoimmune disorders Flashcards
What is sacoidosis?
Inflammatory autoimmune disease
caused by the presence of granulomas in many organs
What is granulomas?
Tiny clumps of inflammatory cells = fibrosis
affects lungs and lymps more often
What is the prevelance of sacoidosis in the U.S?
~ 150-200k diagnosed
What are the 3 distinct features of sarcoidosis?
- inflammatory response = granulomas and progression to pulmonary fibrosis
- dx of granulomas
- 1/3 diagnosed to chronic stage w/ greatest restrictions limiting QOL
What is the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis?
- affecting young adults
- unexplained persistent dry cough
- SOB
- chest tightness
- affects women more often
- usually dx age 30-55 y/o
What is pulmonary stage 1 of sarcoidosis?
lymph nodes
What is pulmonary stage 2 of sarcoidosis?
Lymph nodes and lungs
What is pulmonary stage 3 of sarcoidosis?
Lungs
What is pulmonary stage 4 of sarcoidosis?
irreversible scarring in the lungs
What is the characteristic of pulmonary staging?
not progression like cancer since it can go back and forth
any stage can be mild to severe
What are the treatments for sarcoidosis?
steroid until sx are restrictive and progression (stage 2 or 3)
BUT long term use is not beneficial
How does RA cause interstitial lung disease?
RA = Rhematoid Arthritis
Chronic inflammation of peripheral joints = progressive destruction of articular and periarticular structures
can assisted with pleural involvement, pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary vasculitis, obliterative bronchiolitis, increased incidence of bronchogenic cancer
What is pneumonitis?
inflammation of lung tissue
What is interstitial fibrosis?
scarring of lung tissue
What is pulmonary nodules?
“spot on the lungs” which is a small round or oval growth in the lungs
What is pulmonary vasculitis?
inflammation and destruction of pulmonary vasculature
What is obliterative bronchoiolitis?
obstruction of bronchioles
What is bronchogenic cancer?
cancer of epithelial cells of bronchus or bronchiole = can grow and become malignant
What are the risk factors for interstitial lung disease with people with RA?
- 8x higher risk
- smokeers
- how bad the RA is
- age (over 60)
- males :0
What is the clincal presentations of patient’s with RA?
- Progressive dyspnea
- Non-productive cough
- Cyanosis
- Warm, swollen and painful joints
- diminished breath sounds with rales
- reduced vital capacity
- nodules (upper lobe more affected)
What is systemic lupus erythematosus?
SLE for abbreviation
- Multi-system
- autoimmune disease
- chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder
Most common type of lupus (70%)
What body parts are affected with SLE?
With an unknown cause that can affect the:
- skin
- joints
- kidneys
- lung
- nervous tissue
- heart
Majority have 1 major organ affected
linked to genetic, environmental, hormonal causes
What is the most common lung dysfunction with SLE?
Pleuritis and disphragmatic weakness
What are clinical presentation of SLE?
It’s a picture because 5 or more = lazy to type
What are the pulmonary sx of SLE?
decreased volumes
base of lungs have consolidation
pleural friction rub
lung bases with crackles
pulmonary HTN
What are the significant sx of SLE?
pain
bad fatigue
hair loss
cognitive issues
physical impairments
What is scleroderma?
progressive fibrosing disorder = degenerative changes in different areas
Affects: skin, small blood vessels, esophagus, intestinal tract, lungs, heart, kidney and articular structures
How does scleroderma affect the lungs?
progressive diffuse interstitial fibrosis
What is the treatment of scleroderma?
No effective drug intervention
- specific sx are treated
- supportive care
What are the 2 types of chronic connective tissue disease?
- localized = affects integumentary system
- systemic = affects multiple organs
What is the prevelance of scleroderma?
~ 100k in the US
more common in women
aged 30-50
What is the clinical presentation of scleroderma?
Picture again because aint no way m8
What is -myositis?
Inflammation of the muscle
- usually proximal
- difficulty with ADLs
- more common in women
- age is around 30-60 y/o
What is the vague description of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?
inflammatory autoimmune conditions with progressive muscle weakness and skin changes
Both of these can lead to assocoated cancers
What are the pulmonary characteristics of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?
