Pulmonary - Background Info Flashcards
What is tidal volume?
the volume that enters and leaves after each breath
from a normal quiet inspiration -> expiration
What is the average liters for tidal volume?
0.5L
What affects tidal volume?
changes with pattern of breathing
increases in pregnancy
What is inspiration reserve volume?
extra volume that can be inspired above the tidal volume
normal quiet inspiration -> max inspiration
What is the average liters for inspiratory reserve volume?
2.5L
What does inspiratory reserve volume rely on?
Muscle strength
lung compliance (elastic recoil)
normal starting point (end of tidal volume)
What is expiratory reserve volume?
extra volume that can expired below tidal volume
normal quiet expiration to max expiration
What is the average liters for expiration reserve volume?
1.5L
What does expiration reserve volume rely on?
On muscle strength and low airway resistance
reduced in:
- preggo
- obesity
- severe obstruction or proximal
What is residual volume/reserve volume?
volume remaining after max expiration
What is the average liters for residual volume/reserve volume?
1.5L
How is residual volume/reserve volume measured?
Can’t be measured by spirometry
What is vital capacity/forced vital capacity?
Volume that can be exhaled after max inspiration (to max expiration)
Vital capacity/forced vital capacity
What is the expression?
Inspiration reserve volume + tidal volume + expiration reserve volume
Vital capacity/forced vital capacity
What is the average?
4.5L
Vital capacity/forced vital capacity
How does it change? What does it need?
Often changes in the disease
requires adequate compliance
muscle strength
low airway resistance
Inspiration capacity
What is the expression?
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
What is inspiratory capacity?
volume breathed in from quiet expiration to maximum inspiration
Inspiration capacity
What is the average?
3L
What is functional residual capacity?
Volume remaining after quiet expiration
Functional residual capacity
What is the expression?
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
Functional residual capacity
What is the average?
3L
Functional residual capacity
What is it affected by?
- height
- gender
- posture
- changes in lung compliance
height has the greatest influence
What is the total lung capacity?
Volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration
Total lung capacity
What is the expression?
sum of all volumes
Functional residual capacity
What is the restrictions? What is the hyperinflation?
Restriction < 80% predicted
Hyperinflation > 120% predicted
Measured with helium dilution
Chart of excursions of a spirometer
Chart of all total lung capacity
Hella colorful and crap
