Pulmonary - Background Info

Question 1

What is tidal volume?

Answer 1

the volume that enters and leaves after each breath

from a normal quiet inspiration -> expiration

Question 2

What is the average liters for tidal volume?

Answer 2

0.5L

Question 3

What affects tidal volume?

Answer 3

changes with pattern of breathing

increases in pregnancy

Question 4

What is inspiration reserve volume?

Answer 4

extra volume that can be inspired above the tidal volume

normal quiet inspiration -> max inspiration

Question 5

What is the average liters for inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 5

2.5L

Question 6

What does inspiratory reserve volume rely on?

Answer 6

Muscle strength
lung compliance (elastic recoil)
normal starting point (end of tidal volume)

Question 7

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 7

extra volume that can expired below tidal volume

normal quiet expiration to max expiration

Question 8

What is the average liters for expiration reserve volume?

Answer 8

1.5L

Question 9

What does expiration reserve volume rely on?

Answer 9

On muscle strength and low airway resistance

reduced in:
- preggo
- obesity
- severe obstruction or proximal

Question 10

What is residual volume/reserve volume?

Answer 10

volume remaining after max expiration

Question 11

What is the average liters for residual volume/reserve volume?

Answer 11

1.5L

Question 12

How is residual volume/reserve volume measured?

Answer 12

Can’t be measured by spirometry

Question 13

What is vital capacity/forced vital capacity?

Answer 13

Volume that can be exhaled after max inspiration (to max expiration)

Question 14

Vital capacity/forced vital capacity

What is the expression?

Answer 14

Inspiration reserve volume + tidal volume + expiration reserve volume

Question 15

Vital capacity/forced vital capacity

What is the average?

Answer 15

4.5L

Question 16

Vital capacity/forced vital capacity

How does it change? What does it need?

Answer 16

Often changes in the disease

requires adequate compliance
muscle strength
low airway resistance

Question 17

Inspiration capacity

What is the expression?

Answer 17

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 18

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 18

volume breathed in from quiet expiration to maximum inspiration

Question 19

Inspiration capacity

What is the average?

Answer 19

3L

Question 20

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 20

Volume remaining after quiet expiration

Question 21

Functional residual capacity

What is the expression?

Answer 21

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Question 22

Functional residual capacity

What is the average?

Answer 22

3L

Question 23

Functional residual capacity

What is it affected by?

Answer 23

• height
• gender
• posture
• changes in lung compliance

height has the greatest influence

Question 24

What is the total lung capacity?

Answer 24

Volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration

Question 25

Total lung capacity

What is the expression?

Answer 25

sum of all volumes

Question 26

Functional residual capacity

What is the restrictions? What is the hyperinflation?

Answer 26

Restriction < 80% predicted

Hyperinflation > 120% predicted

Measured with helium dilution

Question 27

Chart of excursions of a spirometer

Answer 27

Question 28

Chart of all total lung capacity

Hella colorful and crap

Answer 28