pulmonary infections & PFTs Flashcards
what is the “common cold”?
URI : often from rhinovirus or other virus
symptoms: clear to purulent nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, no fever or eosinophilia
when does the “common cold” often resolve? stages of symptoms resolving?
most symptoms in 4-10 days, pulmonary symptoms (cough) lasting longer, up to 3 months (post-viral cough syndrome)
what is important to distinguish with a cough?
source: upper (drainage from sinus/throat) or lower (lung infection) ?
txt for common cold
humidifier, hydrate, mabye: decongestants/anti-histamines, cough suppressants
define bronchitis
cough caused by any kind of lung infection (usually viral)- not in lung tissue but in bronchi (tubes from trachea into lung)
what is the most common cause of hemoptysis?
bronchitis
when would you use abx for bronchitis?
if it is AECB (acute exacerbated chronic bronchitis)
what is…. usually follows viral bronchitis, no-longer infectious but inflamed, reactive lungs, lasting 6+ wks.
post-viral cough syndrome
txt for postviral cough syndrome
“tincture of time”
obstruction will likely cause ___ expiration
prolonged
wheezing occurs during _____ unless…
expiration (narrowed airways), unless very severe- then will occur in inspirations as well
sounds like asthma in a kid too young to have it (<2yo) …
RSV bronchiolitis
what is the “cough of 100 days”
pertussis in adults .. usually no “whooping” sound
preventions and txt for pertussis
prevention- Dtap and Tdap vaccines
txt: macrolide abx (“-mycin”)
- txt early but expect it to linger
paroxysmal (sudden) cough with post-tussive emesis
pertussis/ whooping cough
influenza is caused by …
influenza virus - type A & B (rarely C)
hallmark symptoms of influenza
HA, myalgia, fever, malaise
Dx of the flu is based on …
clinical criteria
CDC reccomends ___ not be used for the flu b/c or _____. instead only Rx ____
amantidine and rimantidine (anti-virals) b/c of resistance
Rx: neuraminidase inhib (tamiflu or relenza) - decrease severity and duration
anti-virals for the flu have little efficacy after ____
48 hours
what is the presentation of pneumonia? Dx?
flu symptoms with purulent, chunky cough
chest Xray to Dx (fluid in alveoli)
who gets anti-virals for flu?
everyone whose not young and healthy
whats significant about the 2009 H1N1 swine flu?
hit young people because old people (born before 1957) already had it and had immunity
____ has led to the nomenclature of H#N# for flu
antigenic shift (H and N each refer to different antigenic molecules on the surface of the virus)
