normal labor & delivery Flashcards
define “lie”
Relationship of long axis of fetus to that of mother
midpregnancy lie is _______ and later on becomes _______
transverse, more vertical
define “ presentation”
That part of infant presenting in maternal pelvis
3 types of “presentation”
Head = cephalic or vertex Buttocks = breech Feet = footling breech
breech: complete, incomplete and frank
complete- legs crossed in front
incomplete- one leg extended up
frank- both legs extended up
define “denominator”
Reference point on fetus to determine position (what you would feel first)
what is the denominator on the skull, face, butt, shoulder ?
On the skull it is the occiput (back of head)
On face it is chin or mentum
On the butt it is the sacrum
On the shoulder it is the acromion
what cephalic presentation is it when the head is cocked back and the forehead is presented first?
mental
define “position” . what are the common types?
Relationship of fetal denominator to the vertical (anterior, posterior) and horizontal (right, left) planes of birth canal.
Right or left occiput anterior, and right or left occiput posterior are common positions
occiput anterior- baby’s face toward mom’s ______
occiput posterior, baby’s face toward mom’s ______
anterior- face toward mom’s spine
posterior- face toward mom’s anterior
define “dilation”
Degree of patency in centimeters of diameter of the internal os of the cervix
0 (closed) to 10 (fully)
define “effacement”
Measure of the degree of shortening and thinning of the cervix
Expressed as a percentage by which the length of cervix has been reduced
0% no reduction in length
100% no cervix palpable below presenting part
define “station”
The degree of descent of the presenting part through the birth canal as an estimated distance in centimeters from the maternal ischial spines
station: 0, +5, -5
0 station is at level of the spines
+ 5 cm is the perineum (below spines)
- 5 cm is the pelvic inlet (above spines)
define” engagment”
is the descent of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head to a level below the plane of the pelvic inlet
how do you know engagment has taken place?
the lowest portion of the occiput is at or below the level of the maternal ischial spines, Station 0,
define “synclitism”
When the sagittal suture remains parallel to the transverse axis of the pelvic inlet lying exactly midway between the symphysis and sacral promontory
(aka baby faces side of mom instead of sunny side up or down)
what is “asynclitism”? what are the two types?
baby faced to the side (synclitism) but angled more anterior or posterior.
two types- anterior and posterior
what is the definition of labor? what are the different types?
Regular painful contractions resulting in -cervical effacement -cervical dilation May be term or preterm Spontaneous or induced
true labor
Bloody show often present (mucus plug comes out)
Cervix effaces and dilates (most important)