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Z Year3 Resp Conditions > Pulmonary Hypertension > Flashcards

Pulmonary Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary hypertension?

A

high BP in blood vessels that supply lungs (pulmonary arteries)

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2
Q

What are different types of PH?

A

pulmonary arterial hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

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3
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension?

A

rare, frequently fatal disease most commonly in women

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4
Q

What are some causes of pulmonary hypertension?

A
  1. Congenital heart disease
  2. Connective tissue disease
  3. CAD
  4. High BP
  5. Cirrhosis – portal hypertension
  6. Chronic lung disease
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5
Q

What are symptoms and signs for pulmonary hypertension?

A
  1. Dyspnoea on extertion
  2. Fatigue
  3. SOB
  4. Chest pain
  5. Oedema in legs
  6. Palpitations
  7. Feeling faint / dizzy
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6
Q

Are symptoms different in pulmonary arterial hypertension?

A

In Pulmonary arterial hypertension tend not to have symptoms until very advanced

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7
Q

What could an ECG show in pulmonary hypertension after a PE?

A
  1. Right axis deviation
  2. Position QRS complexes in V1 and V2 suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy
  3. ST depression and T wave inversion in the right pericardial leads (V1-3) suggesting right ventricular strain
  4. P Pulmonale suggesting right atrial hypertrophy
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8
Q

What other tests would you do for pulmonary hypertension?

A 
ECG
CXR
Echo
Pulmonary function test
V/Q scanning 
CT 
Pulmonary angiography
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9
Q

What can give the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension?

A
  • Diagnosis of exclusion

- Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography and Right heart catheterisation can diagnosis pulmonary hypertension

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10
Q

What is the main treatment for pulmonary hypertension?

A
  1. Anticoagulants e.g. warfarin
  2. Diuretics to remove excess fluid as result of heart failure
  3. Home oxygen treatment
  4. Digoxin
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11
Q

What is some specific treatment types for PAH?

A
  1. Endothellin receptor antagonist
  2. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
  3. Prostaglandins
  4. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators
  5. CCBs
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12
Q

What are examples of endotheliun receptor antagonsits?

A

bosentan, ambbrisentan and macitentan

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13
Q

What are examples of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors?

A

sildenafil and tadalafil

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14
Q

What are examples of prostaglandins?

A

epoprostenol, iloprost and reprostinil

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15
Q

What are examples of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators?

A

riociguat

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16
Q

What are examples of CCB?

A

amlodipine and nifedipine

17
Q

What is some examples of surgeries used for PH?

A
  1. Pulmonary endarterectomy
  2. Atrial septostomy
  3. Transplant surgery
18
Q

What is the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension like?

A
  1. Most patients eventually develop right ventricular failure
  2. Without treatment median surgical is 2.8 years
  3. Can lead to heart failure

Z Year3 Resp Conditions (20 decks)

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