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Z Year3 Resp Conditions > Pneumothorax > Flashcards

Pneumothorax Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in a pneumothorax?

A

when air gains access to and accumulates in the pleural space bwtween lungs and chest wall

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2
Q

What is a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

young people without known illness

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3
Q

What is a primary spontaenous pnuemothroax usually do to?

A

rupture of subpleural bulla

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4
Q

What is a secondary sponatenous pneumothorax due to?

A

patients with pre-existing pulmonary disease

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5
Q

What are causes for a pneumothorax?

A
  1. Spontaneous
  2. Chronic lung disease
  3. Infection
  4. Traumatic
  5. Carcinoma
  6. Connective tissue disorder
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6
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax?

A

medical emergency with immediate decompression

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7
Q

What causes tension pneumothorax?

A

trauma and mechanical ventilation

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8
Q

What are symptoms of a pneumothorax?

A
  1. Dyspnoea

2. Chest pain

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9
Q

What are symptoms of a tension pneumothorax?

A
  1. Distressed
  2. Rapid laboured respirations
  3. Cyanosis
  4. Profuse diaphoresis
  5. Tachycardia
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10
Q

What are the signs in a pneumothorax?

A
  1. Reduced expansion
  2. Hyper-resonance to percussion
  3. Diminished breath sounds on affected side
  4. Tension: trachea deviated away from affected side
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11
Q

What are possible DDx for pneumothorax?

A
  1. Acute asthma/COPD exacerbation
  2. PE
  3. MI
  4. Oesophageal perforation
  5. Giant bullae
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12
Q

What investigations are done for a pneumothorax?

A
  1. CXR

2. Blood test: baseline values

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13
Q

What would CXR show for pneumothorax?

A
  1. visible rim between lung margin and chest wall or surgical emphysema
  2. absence of lung marking between the lung margin and chest wall
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14
Q

What is the treatment for primary pneumothorax <2cm?

A

discharge, repeat CXR

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15
Q

What is the treatment for primary pneumothorax >2cm/SOB?

A

aspiration, if unsuccessful chest drain - analgesia (regular)

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16
Q

What is the treatment for secondary pneumothorax <2cm?

A

aspiration

17
Q

What is the treatment for secondary pneumothorax >2cm?

A

chest drain

18
Q

What is a traumatic pneumothorax?

A

damage to parietal pleura

19
Q

What is a spontanous pneumothorax?

A

damage to visceral pleura

20
Q

What happens in tension penumothorax?

A
  1. Lung compression

2. Mediastinal shift

21
Q

What is the lung compression symptoms of a TP?

A
  1. Severe Dyspnoea
  2. Tracheal Deviation (away from lesion)
  3. Silent chest, hyperresonance,
    reduced expansion(on lesioned side)
22
Q

What are the mediastinal shift symptoms of a TP?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Tachycardia
    - Severe hypotension causes death
23
Q

How do you treat a TP?

A
  1. Insert large bore cannula (orange or grey) in 2nd ICS, MCL
  2. Place the needle just above the third rib (inferior region of 2nd ICS) in order to avoid the neurovascular bundle of the 2nd rib.

Z Year3 Resp Conditions (20 decks)

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