COVID-19 Flashcards
What is COVID-19?
Potentially severe acute resp infection caused by novel coronavirus severe acute repository syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
How many people does COVID-19 affect?
402 million cases globally and 5.7 million deaths
What are symptoms and signs of Covid-19?
- Fever
- Cough
- Dyspnoea
- Altered sense of smell/taste
- Headache
- Sore throat
What are possible DDx for COVID-19?
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Infelunza infection
- Common cold
- Aspiration pneumonia
- MERS
Etc
What investigations are used for COVID-19?
- RT-PCR
- Pulse ox
- ABG
- Cardiac biomarkers
- Blood and sputum cultures
What bloods are taken in COVID-19?
- FBC
- Metabolic panel
- Caogulation screen
What serum levels do you measure in COVID-19?
- Lactate dehydrogenase
- CRP
- ESR
- IL level
- Procalcitonin
- Ferritin
- Amyloid A level
- Creatine kinase and myglobin
What are these serum levels like in covid?
all may be elevated
What is CXR like in Covid?
ground glass opacity and consolidation
What are blood and sputum cultures like in COVID-19?
negative for bacteria
What are cardiac biomarkers like in COVID?
may be elevated
What does coagulation screen show in COVID?
- elevated D dimer
- prolonged PT
- elevated fibrinogen
- prolonged INR
What does metabolic panel show in COVID-19?
- elevated liver enzymes
- elevated total bilirubin level
- renal impairment
- hypoalbuminaemia
- electrolytes derangement
What does FBC show in COVID-19?
- lymphopenia
- leukocytosis
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- decreased eosinophils
- decreased haemoglobin
What is management of mild/moderate COVID-19?
-Home isolation
-Antipyretic/analgesia
Consider:
1. Monoclonal antibody
2. Antiviral
What is the management of severe COVID-19?
- Hospital admission
- Oxygen therapy
- VT prophylaxis
What can you consider in severe COVID-19?
- Antibiotics
- Corticosteroid
- Antiviral
- IL-6 inhibitor
- JAK inhibitor
- Monoclonical antibody
What are possible complications of covid-19?
- Thrombosis
- Cardiovascular complication
- AKI
- Long covid
- Cardiac arrest
- Neurological complications
Etc.
What is the leading cause of death in COVID-19?
- Leading cause of death is resp failure from ARDS
2. Mortality from ARDS in COVID-19 is 39%
What is COVID-19 patho?
RNA virus, multiple variants
SARS-CoV-2 attaches to ACE2 receptor on target host cells
Where is ACE2 expressed?
highly expressed in:
- upper and lower respiratory tract
- myocardial, renal epithelial, enterocytes and endothelial cells of multiple organs
What does RT-PCR show for COVID-19?
positive for SARS-CoV-2 viral DNA
How do you treat mild/moderate Covid-19?
Bed rest, paracetamol, ibuprofen, maintain hydration, monitor O2 sats
How do you treat severe COVID-19?
Hospital admission, oxygen therapy, VTE prophylaxis, dexamethasone, remdesivir, IL-6 inhibitor eg. tocilzumab OR Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor eg. barictinib
2. consider ICU admission for ventilation, ECMO etc
