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Z Year3 Resp Conditions > Obstructive Sleep Apnoea > Flashcards

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Flashcards

1
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)?

A

episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep

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2
Q

What are RF for OSA?

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Retro- or micrognathia
  3. Oropharyngeal narrowing
  4. Macroglossia
  5. Increased age
  6. Large neck circumference
  7. Menopause
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3
Q

What are some symptoms and signs for OSA?

A
  1. Loud snoring
  2. Gasping during sleep
  3. Apnoeas
  4. Unrefreshing sleep
  5. Excessive daytime sleepiness
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4
Q

What are possible DDx for OSA?

A
  1. Narcolepsy
  2. Inadequate sleep hygiene
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Hypersomnia due to drug or substance abuse
    sleep-related hypoventilation
  5. Laryngospasm related to GORD
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5
Q

What investigations are done for OSA?

A
  1. Polysomnography
  2. Portable multichannel sleep tests
  3. Awake fibreoptic endoscopy: nasal polyps or tumours or hypertrophic lingual tonsils
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6
Q

What would polysomnography show is OSA?

A

AHI>15 episodes/hour or AHI>5 with symptoms or comorbidities

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7
Q

What could awake fiberoptic endoscopy show in OSA?

A

nasal polyps or tumours or hypertrophic lingual tonsils

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8
Q

What is 1st line treatment for symptomatic/asympatomatic OSA?

A
  1. Symptomatic: CPAP

2. Asymptomatic: oral appliance therapy (intra mandibular advancement device)

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9
Q

What is 2nd line treatment for OSA?

A

implantable hypoglossal neurostimulation + upper airway surgery

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10
Q

What can be added to the treatment of OSA?

A

Weight loss and bariatric surgery

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11
Q

What are possible complications of untreated OSA?

A
  1. Increased risk of premature death
  2. MI
  3. Dysrhythmias
  4. Stroke
  5. Hypertension
  6. Motor vehicle accidents
  7. Metabolic syndrome
  8. Neurocognitive dysfunction
  9. Impaired glucose metabolism
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12
Q

What are complications of CPAP?

A
  1. Rhinitis
  2. Dermatitis
  3. Conjunctivitis
  4. Dyspnoea
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13
Q

What are complications of oral appliance therapy?

A
  1. Occlusal changes

2. Facial pain

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14
Q

What are possible complications for surgery in OSA?

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Haematoma
  3. Velopharyngeal insufficiency
  4. Pharyngeal stenosis
  5. Dysphagia
  6. Airway obstruction
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15
Q

What is the path of OSA?

A
  • complete or partial collapse of upper airway that causes obstructive apnoeas, hypopnoeas
  • episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep
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16
Q

What is classic epid for OSA?

A

middle age man overweight 3-5%

17
Q

What is mild, moderate and severe OSA?

A

-Mild OSA 5

18
Q

What is the STOP BANG score?

A
  1. Snoring
  2. Tired
  3. Observe apnoea
  4. Pressure (BP)
  5. BMI>35
  6. Age>35
  7. Neck circumference >40cm
  8. Gender: male
19
Q

When do you refer for polysomonogrpahy?

A

STOP BANG Score: >3

Z Year3 Resp Conditions (20 decks)

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