Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z Year3 Resp Conditions > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are two different types of lung cancer?

A
  1. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 15%

2. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the presentation and epid like for SCLC?

A
  1. 2/3 patients have distant metastasis at presentation
  2. Develops older adult smokers 65-70
  3. Male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are RF for SCLC?

A
  1. Cig smoking
  2. Exposure second hand tobacco smoke
  3. Radon gas
  4. Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the presentation of NSCLC like?

A

small tumour in lung often asymptomatic so majority have locally advance or metastatic disease at diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are RF for NSCLC?

A
  1. Cig smoking
  2. Exposure to tobacco smoke
  3. Radon gas
  4. Asbestos (esp Sqcc)
  5. COPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is lung cancer?

A

group of malignant epithelial tumour arising from cells lining lower resp tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of lung cancer is more common?

A

NSCLC (80%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 main types of NSCLC?

A
  1. adenocarcinoma
  2. squamous cell carcinoma
  3. large cell carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are signs of symptoms of lung cancer?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Chest pain
  3. Haemoptysis
  4. Dyspnoea
  5. Weight loss
  6. Clubbing
  7. Cachexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are DDx for lung cancer?

A
  1. SC/NSC lung cancer
  2. Pneumonia/bronchitis
  3. Carcinoid tumour
  4. Metastatic cancer from a non-thoracic primary site
  5. Infectious granuloma
  6. Sarcoidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should happen for a sus lung mass?

A

biopsied during bronchoscopy or using CT guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would CXR show in SCLC?

A

central mass, hilar lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would sputum culture show in SCLC?

A

malignant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would CXR show in NSCLC?

A

can detect single or multiple pulmonary nodules, mass, pleural effusion, lung collapse or mediastinal or hilar fullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other imaging should be done for lung cancer?

A
  1. Contrast enhance CT of lower neck, throax and upper abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is management of SCLC?

A

Chemotherapy + radiotherapy + prophylactic irradiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is surgery offered in SCLC?

A

patients with clinical T1N0 or T2N0 disease after mediastinoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is treatment for NSCLC?

A
  1. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

2. Surgery and molecular targeted therapy for specific genotypes and immunotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some complications for lung cancer?

A
  1. Post-obstructive pneumonia/hypoxia
  2. Chemotherapy-induced haematological toxicity
  3. Superior vena cava syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is survival for SCLC like?

A

5 year survival: 12-24% for limited stage and 1 to 5% for extensive stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is definition of LC?

A

malignant neoplasm of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is definition of primary lung cancer?

A

originated from lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is definition of secondary LC?

A

metastasised from another organ (breast, colorectal)

24
Q

Where is SCLC derived from?

A

endocrine cells: Kulchitsky endocrine cells and have paraneoplastic syndromes

25
Q

What is SCLC assoicated with?

A
  1. SIADH
  2. Ectopic ACTH
  3. Lambert Eaton syndrome
26
Q

What type of cell is adenocarcinoma dervied from?

A

goblet cell

27
Q

What part of lung is associted with adenocarcinoma?

A

peripheral lung

28
Q

What cell is squamous cell carcinoma associated with?

A

squamous epithelial cells

29
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma associted with?

A

PTH related peptide and central lung

30
Q

What is large cell carcinoma associated with?

A

from less differentiated cells and peripheral + central lung associated

31
Q

What is definition of mesothelioma?

A

malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells of pleura (rare condition)

32
Q

What is RF for mesothelioma?

A

asbestos exposure: 20-50 years latency

33
Q

What are symptoms and signs of mesothelioma?

A
  • Symptoms:
    1. Cough
    2. FLAWS
  • Signs:
    1. Auscultation: pleural friction rub: fresh snow
34
Q

What may you see on CXR for mesothelioma?

A
  1. Pleural thickening
  2. Pleural plaques due to asbestos
  3. Pleural effusions
35
Q

What invasive testing may be used for mesothelioma?

A
  1. Pleural fluid cytology (via thoracentesis aka pleural tap)
  2. Pleural lining biopsy (via thoracoscopy + histology)
36
Q

What are primary tumour symptoms?

A
  1. Cough (dry or productive)
  2. Haemopytsis
  3. SOB
  4. FLAWS
37
Q

What are symptoms of metastases?

A
  1. Bone: bone pain, fracture
  2. Brain (headaches, blurry vision)
  3. Liver (hepatomegaly)
  4. Lymphadenopathy
38
Q

What are inspection signs of LC?

A
  1. Clubbing
  2. Tar staining of fingernails
  3. Lymphadenopathy
  4. Cachexia
39
Q

What are percussion signs of LC?

A
  1. Dull percussion

2. Stony dull (if associated pleural effusion)

40
Q

What are auscultation signs of LC?

A
  1. Crepitations

2. Increased vocal resonance

41
Q

Where does lung cancer usually metastase to?

A

bone, brain and liver

42
Q

What are signs of pancoast apical tumour?

A
  • Horner’s syndrome

- Structures that are compressed

43
Q

What are horner syndrome signs?

A

miosis, partial ptosis and anhidrosis

44
Q

What are signs if tumour compresses brachial plexus?

A

shoulder/arm pain and paratheasia

45
Q

What are signs if tumour compresses recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

hoarse voice /bovine cough

46
Q

What is superior vena cava syndrome?

A

tumour in right lung apex = SVC obstruction

47
Q

What sign is positive and what does it lead to in superior vena cava syndrome?

A

(+ve Pemberton sign) – pooling of blood and oedema so facial flushing

48
Q

What do all these different compression by tumour lead to?

A

pancoast syndrome

49
Q

What basic obvs are done for lung cancer?

A

HR, RR, BP, O2 sats, temp

50
Q

What bedside test is done for lung cancer?

A

sputum cytology

51
Q

What blood are done in lung cacner?

A
  1. FBC
  2. Calcium (bone mets or PTHrp)
  3. ALP (bone mets)
  4. LFTS (liver mets)
52
Q

Why do you do CT chest, abdo, pelvis + PET scan?

A

Staging

53
Q

How do you do a biopsy for TNM staging?

A
  • Via bronchoscopy

- Via transthoracic needle

54
Q

What would primary lung cancer CXR show?

A
  1. Consolidation: usually hertrogenous
  2. Bi hilar lymphadenopathy
  3. Pleural effusion
  4. Cavitating lesions usually SqCC
55
Q

What would secondary lung cancer show on CXR?

A
  1. Coin shaped lesions (cannonball mets)

Z Year3 Resp Conditions (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions