Pulmonary Fibrosis + Bronchiectasis Flashcards
Types of PF
Replacement fibrosis = secondary to lung damage
Focal fibrosis = response to irritants
Idiopathic PF = can cause diffuse parenchymal lung disease
What is idiopathic PF?
Form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
RF for PF
Smoking
Bird + animal droppings
Herpes virus
GORD
Fam hx
Radiation
Drugs - chemo, amiodarone, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin
What other conditions is PF associated with?
Thyroid disease
Systemic sclerosis
RA
SLE
Autoimmune liver disease
Investigation results for PF
Low O2, CO2 retention if severe I
ncreased CRP
CXR: decreased lung volume, bilateral lower zone reticulonodular shadows, honeycomb lung
CT is essential for diagnosis
Spirometry = decreased FVC, FEV1/FVC ration equal or increased
Complications of PF
Respiratory failure, increased risk of lung cancer
Management of PF
Supportive - O2, pulmonary rehab, opiates
Causes of bronchiectasis
Post infection
No known cause
Due to inflammation of airways
RF for bronchiectasis
CF, Kartageners TB, pertussis, measles, pneumonia
Bronchial obstruction, aspergillosis, hypogammaglobulinaemia, gastric aspiration
S+S of bronchiectasis
Winter exacerbation - fever, cough, sputum, pleuritic chest pain + SOB
Haemoptysis + wheeze
Clubbing, low pitched crackles + wheeze
Investigations for bronchiectasis
CXR
Sputum MC+S
Spirometry (reversible obstruction)
CT for diagnosis
Treatment of bronchiectasis
physio, abx, bronchodilators
What are common causes of pneumonia + S+S of each
Staph = following flu
H influenza = if COPD L
egionella = dry cough, hyponatraemia, lymphopenia
What is sarcoidosis?
Causes constitutional upset eg weight loss, fever, night sweats
Shows restrictive pattern on spirometry
Caused by non-caseating epitheloid granuloma deposits
Causes lung + skin problems
