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Primary Care HG > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria (in terms of GFR) for stage 1-5 CKD?

A 
1 = normal 
2 = 60-89
3 = 30-60
4 = 15-30
5 = <15
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2
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

facial paralysis due to CN7 dysfunction

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3
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt?

A

VZV on face causing blisters, weakness, altered taste, loss of function

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4
Q

What are you looking for on a urine dip for someone with HF?

A

Proteinuria = indicates CKD

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5
Q

What meds should be stopped in HF?

A

NSAIDs

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6
Q

How is bisoprolol different to atenolol?

A

More cardioselective

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7
Q

What is involved in annual review for HF?

A

depression screen, flu jab, BP, med review, bloods (FBC, U+E)

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8
Q

What bloods need doing in AF?

A

FBC, U+E, TFT, LFT, clotting

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9
Q

What is dipyridamole?

A

Antiplatelet med

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10
Q

S+S of temporal arteritis

A

Unilateral headache + blurred vision

Scalp tenderness

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11
Q

What is involved in an annual HTN review?

A

BP, cholesterol, weight check, smoking, med side effects + compliance, urinalysis, depression screen

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12
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Pain affecting trigeminal nerve - sudden severe electric shock type pain in jaw, gums + teeth

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13
Q

What do Auer rods signify?

A

AML

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14
Q

What do Howell-Jolly bodies signify?

A

Splenic atrophy

Common in sickle cell or coeliacs

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15
Q

What are signs of NAI?

A

Torn frenulum, chest wall bruising, intracranial haemorrhage

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16
Q

What are the S+S of viral encephalitis + how do you diagnose it?

A

Focal neuro signs, focal seizures, reduced level of consciousness
CSF w/ PCR

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17
Q

Describe how mitral stenosis is caused + what the murmur sounds like

A

caused by rheumatic fever – diastolic murmur at apex (5th IC space mid clavicular line left side)

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18
Q

Describe the aortic stenosis murmur

A

ejection systolic murmur in 2nd IC space right side

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19
Q

Describe the PDA murmur

A

PDA – continuous machinery murmur in systole + diastole, heard inferior to left clavicle

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20
Q

Describe the pulmonary stenosis murmur

A

ejection systolic murmur in 2nd IC space left side

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21
Q

What do schisctocytes indicate?

A

HUS

22
Q

What is funcoplication?

A

Nissen’s surgery for GORD

23
Q

What is hand foot syndrome?

A

Complication of sickle cell

24
Q

What does the coxsackie virus cause?

A

Hand foot mouth

25
Q

When does rheumatic fever occur?

A

2-4 weeks after strep throat

26
Q

How do you treat PDA?

A

Cardiac catheter lab plugging

27
Q

What is enteropathic arthritis?

A

asymmetrical oligoarthritis, occurs with IBD

28
Q

What are the signs of biliary atresia + how is it diagnosed?

A

Jaundice + pale stools

USS

29
Q

What symptoms do you get with TORCH infections at birth?

A

Jaundice, microcephaly, seizures, encephalitis

30
Q

Describe lead poisoning - linked with what, S+S + treatment

A

linked with pica. Signs of encephalopathy, behavioural problems = treat with EDTA

31
Q

What are the S+S of congenital hypothyroidism?

A

hypotonia, coarse facial features, hoarse cry, prolonged jaundice, umbilical hernia

32
Q

What is sickle cell a mutation of?

A

Glutamine to valine

33
Q

What is the Schilling test used for?

A

Pernicious anaemia diagnosis

34
Q

What are the S+S of B12 deficiency?

A

peripheral neuropathy, smooth tongue, angular stomatitis

35
Q

Describe the pathology of central + nephrotic diabetes insipidus, how it is diagnosed + treated

A

Central diabetes insipidus = due to ADH deficiency
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus = due to ADH insensitivity
DI – diagnose with water deprivation test – if plasma osmolarity increases + urine remains dilute = DI. Then give desmopressin – if urine becomes concentrated = CDI. If not, NDI
Treat CDI with desmopressin, NDI with thiazide diuretics

36
Q

Why do you get hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

A

mild dehydration

37
Q

What is the cause + effect of SIADH?

A

Caused by intracranial or pulmonary disease

Get hyponatraemia without oedema or dehydration

38
Q

What is the pathology behind Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ?

A

reduced corticoids due to deficiency in 21-hydroxylase. Causes increase in ACTH to increase in androgens. Salt losing crisis causes hyperkalaemia + hyponatraemia

39
Q

What is the difference between critical aortic stenosis + coarctation of the aorta?

A

Critical aortic stenosis = radial + brachial pulses are also hard to palpate (whereas coarctation, only femoral pulses are hard to palpate)

40
Q

What are the gram positive cocci?

A

Staph + strep

41
Q

What are the gram positive bacilli?

A

clostridium + listeria

42
Q

Gram negative diplococci

A

Neisseria

43
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

E coli, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella, pseudomonas, pertussis, Hib, legionella

44
Q

Gram negative comma shaped

A

Gram negative comma shaped = vibrio, campylobacter, H pylori

45
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria

A

Treponema + Borrelia (Lyme)

46
Q

Difference between hydroceles + hernias

A

Hernias will transmit cough impulses, hydroceles won’t
You can ‘get above’ a hydrocele but not a hernia
Testis cannot be palpated with hydrocele
Hernia does not transilluminate with a torch, hydroceles will

47
Q

What is a varicocele + how is it managed?

A

scrotal swelling that feels like ‘bag of worms’. Conservative management

48
Q

What does a mumps infection present like? What virus causes it?

A

causes parotid swelling + orchitis. Paramyxovirus

49
Q

What does diptheria present like?

A

grey slough covering tonsils. Gram positive anaerobe

50
Q

How does polio present?

A

disorder of anterior horn cells, affecting lower motor neurones

51
Q

How does TB present?

A

recurrent fever + erythema nodosum

52
Q

What is the inheritance of Marfans, Duchenne’s + Williams?

A 
Williams = gene deletion 
Marfans = autosomal dominant 
Duchenne's = X linked recessive

Primary Care HG (23 decks)

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