Pulmonary Failure

Question 1

What are causes of pulmonary failure

Answer 1

1. Shock
2. Trauma
3. Sepsis
4. Mechanical failure
5. Atelectasis
6. Aspiration

Question 2

What types of extra pulmonary trauma can cause pulmonary failure

Answer 2

1. Necrotizing infections
2. Non infectious inflammatory responses
3. Repercussion of ischemic limbs to soft tissue injury to broken bones

Question 3

What is ARDS

Answer 3

Acute, diffuse, inflammatory lung injury that leads to increased pulmonary vascular permeability, increased lung weight and a loss of aerated tissue

Question 4

What causes ARDS

Answer 4

1. Sepsis
2. Shock
3. Pneumonia
4. Aspiration
   *activation of macrophages

Question 5

Activating macrophages causes what?

Answer 5

Will disrupt the endothelium and increases permeability
*plasma extravasates into the interstitium (alveoli)

Question 6

What is ARDS criteria

Answer 6

1. Sudden onset of hypoexmia
2. Bilateral infilatrates of CXR or CT
3. PAO2 : FIO2 ratio less than 300 and PCWP less than 18

Question 7

Wha is the treatment of ARDS

Answer 7

1. Mechanical ventilation
2. Sedation agents
3. Neuromuscular blocking agents
4. Daily CXR
5. STAT CXR if any deterioration in condition
6. ATB

Question 8

What are the sedation and neuromuscular agents used to treat ARDS

Answer 8

Sedation
*propofol
*benzo
Neuromuscular blocking agents
*rocuronium
*vecuronium
*cisatracurium