Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery > Blood Replacement Therapy > Flashcards

Blood Replacement Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is MBOS and what does it help

A

Maximum surgical blood ordering schedule
*helps simplify blood bank orders before elective surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens if any emergency transfusion is needed

A
  1. Type-specific blood (ABO and Rh matched only)
    *available in 10 min
  2. If the delay is too long type O, Rh-negative PRBC can be used
  3. Support BP with colloid or crystalloid until properly cross-matched blood is available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the blood banking procedures (type and screen)

A
  1. Types pts bloods (ABO and Rh)
  2. Screens for antibodies
  3. Holds the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the blood banking procedures (type and cross)

A
  1. T&S on pts blood
  2. Cross match
    *testing the recipients serum against donor blood cells
    <1 hr to perform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the blood component therapy

A
  1. Whole blood
  2. RBC
  3. Platelets
  4. FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
  5. Cryoprecipitate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is whole composed of

A

450-500ml of donor blood
1. Contains RBC, plasma, clotting factors (reduced levels of V, and VIII), and anticoagulant
*platelets and granulocytes are not functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the indications for whole blood

A
  1. Red cell replacement in massive blood loos with pronounced hypovolemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is PRBC obtained

A
  1. Apheresis
  2. Prepared from whole blood
    *centrifuged and plasma, WBC and platelets are removed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the indications for PRBC

A
  1. Increase oxygen carrying capacity in anemic pts
    *hemoglobin of 7 in stable / asymptomatic pts is threshold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of PRBC

A

70 kg pt = transfusion of 1 unit of PRBC should increase HgB by 1g/dL (HCT 3%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to raise Hct of a 70kg man from 15% to 40% (step 1)

A
  1. Calculate the total blood volume
    *BV = 7% of body weight (KG)
    *0.07 X 70 = 4.9 liters of blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to raise Hct of a 70kg man from 15% to 40% (step 2)

A

1 unit of PRBC contains 200ml of RBC
*4.9 L
*200/4900=4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to raise Hct of a 70kg man from 15% to 40% (step 3)

A

Need a 25% increase from 15% to 40%
*25/4=6.25 or 7 units of PRBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much will Hct raise if Hgb is raised by 1g/dL

A

3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the protocol for massive transfusion protocol

A
  1. Monitor coagulation tests, platelets, Mg2+, ca+, and lactate levels
  2. Transfuse plasma and platelets (in massively hemorrhagic pt)
  3. PRBC:Plasma units of 1:1
  4. Citrate is used as a calcium binder
  5. Warm blood to prevent hypothermia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the platelets obtain for blood transfusion

A
  1. Apheresis (single donor)
  2. Random donor pooled (whole blood units)
  3. Issued one unit at a time
17
Q

One unit of platelets should increase count by how much

A

30,000-50,000mm
*within 1 hr of transfusion

18
Q

What are the indications for transfusion platelets

A
  1. Decreased production of destruction (aplastic anemia, acute leukemia)
  2. Count <5,000-10,000 (risk of hemorrhage must transfuse)
  3. Count <50,000 if life-threatening bleeding
19
Q

When is prophylactic transfusion used for platelets

A
  1. <50,000 line placement, minor surgery
  2. <50-75,000 major surgery
20
Q

How is fresh frozen plasmas obtained by

A
  1. Apheresis or centrifuged from whole blood
    *frozen within 8 hours of collection
  2. Contains normal levels of all clotting factors, albumin, and fibrinogen
21
Q

What are the indications for fresh frozen plasma

A
  1. Emergency reversal of warfarin if Kcentra is unavailable
  2. Replacement of coagulation factor in patients with deficiencies of multiple clotting factors
22
Q

What is cryoprecipitate

A

Cold-insoluble precipitate formed when FFP is thawed
1. Contains more fibrinogen, factors VIII, vWF, and XIII than initial FFP

23
Q

What are the indications for cryoprecipitate

A
  1. Correction of hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia of liver disease
  2. DIC
  3. Massive blood loss
24
Q

What are the indications of blood component therapy

A
  1. Decrease in RBC mass compromising tissue perfusion and O2 delivery
  2. Transfusion done to maintain RBC mass
  3. Goal = minimum HgB of 10 and Hct of 30

Surgery (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions