Electrolyte Disorders (MG) Flashcards
What is the level for hypomagnesmia
<1.3 mg/dL
What are some causes of hypomagnesemia
Surgical patient
1. Malnutrition (alcoholism)
2. Acute pancreatitis
3. GI losses (Diarrhea)
4. Diuretic use
5. Aminoglycosides
6. High or low calcium and phosphate levels
What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia
- Weakness
- Muscle twitches
- Asterixis (flapping motion)
- Vertigo
What are the EKG changes of hypomagnesemia
- Prolongation of PR, QT, and QRS intervals
- Torsades
- Sinus tachycardia
What is the treatment for torsades
Magnesium
What is the treatment of mild hypomagnesemia
- Magnesium oxide 1g/d PO
What is the treatment of moderate hypomagnesemia
Mg<1.0mg/dL but asymptomatic
1. IV magnesium sulfate 1g/h 3-4 hours
What is the treatment for severe hypomagnesemia
Tetany or seizures
1. Monitor with ECG in ICU
2. 2g Magnesium sulfate
*follow with magnesium sulfate IV 1g/h
What can result from hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
1. Hypomagnesemia patients are often Hypokalemic and hypophosphatemic should be given supplements
What is the level for hypermagnesemia
> 2.1 mg/dL
What are the causes of hypermagnesemia
Occurs only rarely in surgical setting
1. ARF
2. Magnesium antacid ingestion
3. Rhabdmyolysis
What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia if the levels are 3-5mg/dL
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Hypotension
- Decreased reflexes
What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia if the levels are 7-10mg/dL
- Hyporeflexia
- Weakness
- Drowsiness
- Quadriparesis
What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia if the levels are >12mg/dL
- Coma
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory failure
What are the EKG changes of hypermagnesemia
- Presents as cardiac arrhythmia
- Peaked T waves, QRS widening
*leads to complete heart block and asystole
