Pulmonary Embolism

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms of PE?

Answer 1

cough, chest pain, SOB, dizziness, fainting, light headedness, anxiety

Question 2

What are the causes of PE?

Answer 2

DVT, smoking, overweight, being over 60, pregnancy, surgery

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of a PE?

Answer 3

thrombus formation in peripheral circulation dislodges
thrombus travels to pulmonary circulation causing partial or complete blockages
increased pressure in RV causing dilation and spatial deviation of LV
LV preload reduces
atrial hypotension results in coronary hypo perfusion
RV ischaemia and infarction occur
increased myocardial demand causes LV failure
obstruction to blood flow to pulmonary capillary worsening hypoxaemia

Question 4

What are some nursing interventions for PE?

Answer 4

administer O2 as prescribed
administer anticoagulants as prescribed
encourage mobilisation and repositioning
reassure pt and family and give treatment options

Question 5

Evaluations of nursing interventions for PE

Answer 5

to reduce the risk of hypoxia
to prevent formation of another clot
to improve circulation and prevent further clots
to alleviate anxiety and stress