Acute renal failure Flashcards
What are the signs and symptoms of ARF?
clinical emergency
rapid loss of renal function due to kidney damage - can be life threatening
What is the pathophysiology of AFR?
impaired renal blood flow = decrease in filtration pressure
failure to restore blood volume or blood pressure and oxygen delivery causes cell injury
sudden decline in kidney function which can occur over just hours and inhibits ability of kidneys to regulate fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance
What are the causes of an ARF?
usually caused by an event that leads to kidney malfunction such as dehydration, blood loss from major surgery or. injury or use of medicines.
AKI occurs when the kidneys are unable to remove the body’s metabolic waste or perform their seven regulatory functions
patient with a history of CKI are at high risk of AKI especially if risk factors such as HTN, smoking, diabetes and obesity are not managed appropriately over a long time
What are some nursing interventions and the rationale for ARF?
encourage food and fluids - keep patient hydrated and maintain nutrition to give body energy to repair damage. Monitor fluid output and fluid retention may need catherisation
treat any infection with appropriate ABs as prescribed
restore lost fluid or electrolytes with IVF therapy if requires
regular vital signs - fight off infection causing additional stress to the kidneys, keep patient hydrated
manage risk factors upon discharge and educate. patient on ways to prevent this happening again in the future - enable patient to recognise risks they can diminish to prevent this from occurring again. Educate them on why these changes will improve health outcomes
