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Physiology > Pulmonary Diseases and Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Pulmonary Diseases and Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of cartilage in the sternum and 1st rib

A

Costochondritis

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2
Q

Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the neck and anterior chest

A

Tracheobronchial Pain

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3
Q

Normal AP-TV Ratio

A

1:2

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4
Q

Costochondritis pain radiation

A

Ipsilateral towards back (neck > costal margin > scapula)

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5
Q

Chest Deformity: (+) AP-TV 1:1 ratio

A

Barrel Chest

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6
Q

Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the costal margin referred to the lumbar region

A

Peripheral Diaphragmatic Pain

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7
Q

When does costochondritis pain aggravates?

A

Increase during Inspiration

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8
Q

Chest Deformity: (+) Protruded sternum

A

Pectus Carinatum

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9
Q

Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the ipsilateral shoulder and upper trapezius

A

Central Diaphragmatic Pain

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10
Q

Chest Deformity: (+) Depressed sternum

A

Pectus Excavatum

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11
Q

Chest Symmetry landmark to assess upper lobe expansion

A

Angle of Louis

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12
Q

Changes that indicates a (R) CHF or Cor Pulmonale

A

Jugular Vein Distention and Peripheral Edema

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13
Q

Bluish discoloration of skins and nails

A

Cyanosis

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14
Q

Bulb-like phalanx due to increasing connective tissue under nails

A

Digital Clubbing

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15
Q

Chest Symmetry landmark to assess lower lobe expansion

A

10th Rib

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16
Q

Changes that indicates chronic DOB

A

SCM Prominence

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17
Q

The normal degree of Schamrot’s Sign

A

160 degree

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18
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Atelectasis

A

Ipsilateral

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19
Q

Chest Symmetry landmark to assess middle lobe expansion

A

Xiphoid Process

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20
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Pneumothorax

A

Contralateral

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21
Q

Cyanosis that seen in lips due to decreased oxygen level

A

Centra Cyanosis

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22
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Lobectomy

A

Ipsilateral

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23
Q

Difficulty in Breathing in Supine

A

Orthopnea

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24
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Pneumonectomy

A

Ipsilateral

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25
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Edema

A

Contralateral

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26
Q

Difficulty in Breathing in Side-Lying

A

Trepopnea

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27
Q

Relief position for patients with Orthopnea and Platypnea

A

Semi-Fowler

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28
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Hydrothorax

A

Contralateral

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29
Q

Difficulty in Breathing in Upright

A

Platypnea

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30
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Pleural Effusion

A

Contralateral

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31
Q

Sudden SOB after 1-2 hrs of supine

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

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32
Q

Labored Breathing present in Metabolic Acidosis`

A

Kussmaul’s Breathing

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33
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Abdominal Hernia

A

Contralateral

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34
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) Irregular Rhythm

A

Biot

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35
Q

Type of sputum associated with dry cough

A

Non-productive

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36
Q

Sputum with prune juice odor

A

Rusty

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37
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) Normal rate and depth

A

Eupnea

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38
Q

Sputum with a foul-smelling odor

A

Fetid

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39
Q

Sputum with white and clear odor

A

Mucoid

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40
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) Slow rate

A

Bradypnea, Cheyne Stoke, Biot

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41
Q

Sputum that indicates infection

A

Fetid, Purulent

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42
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) shallow and apnea

A

Biot

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43
Q

Sputum that indicates pulmonary edema

A

Frothy

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44
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) waning and waxing with apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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45
Q

Sputum with thicky and sticky odor

A

Tenacious

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46
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) fast and shallow depth

A

Tachypnea

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47
Q

Sputum indicates pneumonia

A

Rusty

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48
Q

Sputum with white/pink hues and foamy texture

A

Frothy

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49
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) slow rate with normal or shallow depth

A

Bradypnea

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50
Q

Sputum indicates chronic cough without infection

A

Mucoid

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51
Q

Sputum with blood

A

Hemoptysis

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52
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) fast rate and normal depth

A

Hyperpnea

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53
Q

Sputum with yellow or green hues

A

Purulent

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54
Q

Breathing Pattern: (+) fast rate and deep depth

A

Hyperventilation

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55
Q

Bacteria present in sputum of a patient in late-stage infection

A

Pseudomonas Aeurugnosa

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56
Q

Sputum with purple hues

A

Cancer

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57
Q

Landmark level for Auscultation

A

T2, T6, T10

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58
Q

Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi = Expi

A

Tracheal, Bronchovesicular

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59
Q

Continuous abnormal breath sounds that sound like a snore

A

Rhonchi

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60
Q

Normal breath sounds heard in lung fields

A

Vesicular

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61
Q

Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi < Expi

A

Bronchial

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62
Q

Normal Breath Sounds: Loud

A

Tracheal, Bronchial

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63
Q

Continuous abnormal breath sounds that sound like a whistle

A

Wheezes

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64
Q

Normal breath sounds heard in primary bronchi

A

Bronchovesicular

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65
Q

Continuous abnormal breath sounds that are a medical emergency

A

Stridor

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66
Q

Structures that involves in stridor breath sound

A

Larynx and Trachea

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67
Q

Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi > Expi

A

Vesicular

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68
Q

Normal Breath Sounds: Faintest

A

Vesicular

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69
Q

During when do you hear wheezes?

A

Expiration

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70
Q

Voice sound that assesses the abnormal transmission of lung sounds

A

Bronchophony

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71
Q

The positive finding of whispered pectriloquy

A

Increasing loudness

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72
Q

A non-continuous abnormal breath sounds

A

Crackes/Rales

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73
Q

The positive finding of bronchophony

A

Clear or increasing intensity of sound

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74
Q

Voice sound that assesses the abnormal change in the quality of sound

A

Egophony

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75
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: (+) secretions

A

Crackes/Rales

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76
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: (+) asthma

A

Wheezes

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77
Q

The normal range of pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

78
Q

Fully Compensated ABG

A

Normal pH and Abnormal PCO2 & HCO3

79
Q

The normal range of HCO3

A

22-26

80
Q

If pH is normal, the new baseline is?

A

7.40

81
Q

Partially Compensated ABG

A

Abnormal pH, PCO2 & HCO3

82
Q

The normal range of PCO2

A

35-45

83
Q

Uncompensated ABG

A

Abnormal pH and Normal PCO2 & HCO3

84
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase pH

A

Alkalosis

85
Q

Signs and symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis

A

DENTS: Dizziness, Early Tetany, Numbness, Tingling system, Syncope

86
Q

ABG s/sx due to increasing CO2

A

Respiratory Acidosis

87
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease HCO3

A

Acidosis

88
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease PCO2

A

Alkalosis

89
Q

Cause of Metabolic Alkalosis

A

VDABS: Vomiting, Diuretic, Adrenal Disease, Bicarbinogestion, Steroids

90
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase HCO3

A

Alkalosis

91
Q

ABG s/sx due to increasing hydrogen ions and chloride

A

Metabolic Acidosis

92
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease pH

A

Acidosis

93
Q

Signs and symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

A

We MeT: Weakness, Mental Dullness, Tetany

94
Q

Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase PCO2

A

Acidosis

95
Q

ABG s/sx due to hyperventilation

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

96
Q

Early signs and symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis

A

HARD: Headache, Anxiety, Restlessness, Dyspnea

97
Q

Cause of Metabolic Acidosis

A

DAD SLUR: Diarrhea, Alcoholism, Diabetes, Starvation, Lactic Acid, Uremic Acid, Renal Failure

98
Q

Late signs and symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis

A

ma SOso CO aCO: Somnolence, Confusion, Comatose

99
Q

Signs and symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis

A

VoKU Na LoCoCa: Vomiting, Kussmaul breathing, Nausea, Lethargy, Comatose, Cardiac Dysrhythmia

100
Q

ABG s/sx due to a gain of HCO3 and loss H+ & Cl

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

101
Q

ABG s/sx due to decreasing renal function

A

Metabolic Acidosis

102
Q

The normal range of FEV1

A

> 75-80%

103
Q

GOLD Grade: (+) Minimal SOB with or without cough

A

Grade I

104
Q

COPD vs RLD: Expiration problem

A

COPD

105
Q

COPD vs RLD: Normal FRC

A

RLD

106
Q

COPD vs RLD: Normal RV

A

RLD

107
Q

GOLD Grade: seek medical attention

A

Grade II

108
Q

GOLD Grade: <30%

A

Grade IV

109
Q

COPD vs RLD: Normal TV

A

COPD

110
Q

GOLD Grade: (+) multiple exacerbation + decrease QOL

A

Grade IV

111
Q

GOLD Grade: >80%

A

Grade I

112
Q

COPD vs RLD: Increase FRC

A

COPD

113
Q

GOLD Grade: Decrease TV

A

RLD

114
Q

COPD vs RLD: Inspiration

A

RLD

115
Q

GOLD Grade: 30-49%

A

Grade III

116
Q

COPD vs RLD: Increase TLC

A

COPD

117
Q

GOLD Grade: 50-70%

A

Grade II

118
Q

COPD vs RLD: Increase RV

A

COPD

119
Q

COPD vs RLD: Decrease TLC

A

RLD

120
Q

GOLD Grade: (+) decrease QOL

A

Grade III

121
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

CoWDys: Cough, Wheeze, Dyspnea

122
Q

COPD vs RLD: Decrease TV

A

RLD

123
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation of what chromosome?

A

Chromosome 7 (long arm)

124
Q

COPD with (+) infection and increase secretion

A

Chronic Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchictasis

125
Q

Chronic bronchitis has a productive cough for how long?

A

3 months x 2 consecutive years

126
Q

COPD with dry cough

A

Asthma

127
Q

COPD: (+) exertional hyperventilation

A

Emphysema

128
Q

COPD with (-) infection and decrease secretion

A

Asthma, Emphysema

129
Q

Diagnostic tool for Cystic Fibrosis

A

Sweat Electrolyte Test

130
Q

A medical emergency that has >24 hours bronchospasm

A

Status Asthmaticus

131
Q

“Blue Bloaters”

A

Chronic Bronchitis

132
Q

COPD: (+) hemoptysis

A

Bronchiectasis

133
Q

Kartagener’s triad

A

Bronchiectasis, Chronic Sinusitis, Sinus Invetus

134
Q

COPD: (+) Cyanosis and Bipedal Edema

A

Chronic Bronchitis

135
Q

COPD: (+) Cachexia

A

Emphysema

136
Q

Chromosome 7 produces what protein that regulates sodium and chloride molecules?

A

CFTR

137
Q

Reversible COPD

A

Asthma

138
Q

(+) Sweat Electrolyte Test

A

60 meq/L of Cl

139
Q

“Pink Puffers”

A

Emphysema

140
Q

Formation in the lungs due to destruction of alveoli

A

Bullae Formation

141
Q

A term that describes extreme weight loss

A

Cachexia

142
Q

The brain is responsive in what molecules?

A

Carbon DIoxide

143
Q

COPD: (+) bulky foul-smelling stool

A

Cystic Fibrosis

144
Q

COPD due to abnormal dilation of bronchioles

A

Bronchiectasis

145
Q

“Smoker’s cough”

A

Chronic Bronchitis

146
Q

COPD: (+) Infertility and sinusitis

A

Cystic Fibrosis

147
Q

COPD: (+) fetid sputum

A

Bronchiectasis

148
Q

COPD: (+) barrel chest

A

Emphysema

149
Q

Emphysema is caused by what defective chromosome?

A

Chromosome 11

150
Q

Chromosome 11 produces what protein?

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

151
Q

What enzyme causes lung destruction?

A

Elastase

152
Q

What is the function of Alpha 1 antitrypsin?

A

Decrease elastase

153
Q

A pulmonary condition that causes decrease lung volume due to difficulty in expanding?

A

RLD

154
Q

Conditions under alteration of lung parenchyma

A

TASI: TB, Asbestosis, Sarcoidosis, Interstitial Lung Disease

155
Q

Conditions under alteration of the chest wall

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis, Scoliosis, Arthritis

156
Q

What virus can cause COVID-19?

A

SARS-COV2

157
Q

How many days of exposure before the COVID signs and symptoms come out?

A

2-14 days

158
Q

Five general signs and symptoms of COVID?

A

Headache, loss of smell & taste, sore throat, dry cough, chest pain

159
Q

COVID Category: Fatigue

A

Severe Level 1

160
Q

COVID Category: Abdominal + Respiration sx

A

Severe Level 3

161
Q

COVID Category III

A

GI

162
Q

COVID Category Severe Level 2

A

Confusion

163
Q

Two COVID Testing

A

RDT and PCR

164
Q

Immunoglobulin that represents (+) history of covid

A

IgG

165
Q

IgM + ; IgG -

A

Infectious

166
Q

Three medications are given to COVID patients

A

Standard Antibiotics, Dexamethasone, Melatonin

167
Q

Pro-inflammatory protein that signals cell self-destruction

A

Cytokine

168
Q

IgM + ; IgG +

A

Infectious + Recovery

169
Q

IgM - ; IgG -

A

No COVID

170
Q

Bed position that helps the increase lung expansion

A

Prone & Side-lying

171
Q

IgM - ; IgG +

A

Not infectious + Graduate

172
Q

Removal of secretion used to patient’s with collapsable airways

A

Huffing

173
Q

Postural Drainage: Quaterturn to (L) + Trendelenburg

A

Lower Lobe: R Middle Lobe

174
Q

Removal of secretion used to patient’s who cannot cough on command

A

Tracheal Stimulation

175
Q

Factors that decrease due to weak inspiration

A

Inspiratory Capacity

176
Q

Postural Drainage: Side-lying (R) Head up

A

Upper Lobe: Left Posterior Lobe

177
Q

Factors that decrease due to weak abdominals

A

Inability to forcibly expel air

178
Q

Postural Drainage: Sitting + Lean Back

A

Upper Lobe: Anterior Apical Lobe

179
Q

Postural Drainage: Supine + Trendelenburg

A

Lower Lobe: Anterior Basal Lobe

180
Q

A breathing exercise that prevents hyperventilation

A

Diaphragmatic

181
Q

Postural Drainage: Side-lying (L) bed flat

A

Upper Lobe: Right Posterior Lobe

182
Q

Postural Drainage: Side-lying on C/L side + Trendelenburg

A

Lower Lobe: Lateral or Medial Basal Lobe

183
Q

A breathing exercise that is used for hypoventilated segments

A

Segmental

184
Q

Postural Drainage: Sitting + Lean Front

A

Upper Lobe: Anterior Apical Lobe

185
Q

A breathing exercise that is used to decrease dyspnea by decreasing RR and increasing TV

A

Pursed Lips

186
Q

Postural Drainage: Prone

A

Lower Lobe: Superior Bronchi Lobe

187
Q

Postural Drainage: Prone + Trendelenburg

A

Lower Lobe: Posterior Basal Lobe

188
Q

Pursed lips are performed during when?

A

Expiration

189
Q

The pressure provided by segmental breathing provides what awareness

A

Sensory Awareness

190
Q

“Controlled Breathing”

A

Diaphragmatic

191
Q

“Localized Breathing”

A

Segmental

Physiology (9 decks)

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