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Physiology > Integumentary Physiology > Flashcards

Integumentary Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

5 layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum & Stratum Basale

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2
Q

It is a protein that gives a transparent appearance or skin in Stratum Lucidum

A

Eleidin

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3
Q

It is a prickle cell in the Stratum Spinosum

A

Spines

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4
Q

The function of this epidermal layer is for heat regulation and water retention

A

Stratum Granulosum

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5
Q

The function of this epidermal layer is for cell proliferation

A

Stratum Basale

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6
Q

What are the two important cells that can be seen in Stratum Basale?

A

Keratinocytes and Melanocytes

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7
Q

What is the dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color?

A

Melanin

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8
Q

What is the protein that makes up and toughens your hair, skin, and nails?

A

Keratin

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9
Q

2 layers of Dermis

A

Papillary and Reticular

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10
Q

What percentage does the papillary layer comprise in the dermis?

A

20%

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11
Q

What percentage does the reticular layer comprise in the dermis?

A

80%

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12
Q

It is the function of the dermal papillae projections of the Papillary dermal layer.

A

Increase Surface Area

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13
Q

What fibers are contained in the reticular dermal layer?

A

Collagen and Elastin Fibers

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14
Q

Receptor for pain and itch

A

Free Nerve Endings

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15
Q

Receptor for 2 point discrimination

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

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16
Q

Receptor of Heat

A

Ruffini’s

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17
Q

Receptor for Cold

A

Krause End Bulb

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18
Q

Receptor for light touch

A

Merkel’s discs and Meissner’s Corpuscles

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19
Q

Receptor for Vibration and Pressure

A

Pacinian

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20
Q

Receptors found in the Epidermis

A

FNE and Merkel’s Discs

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21
Q

Receptors found in the Papillary Dermis

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles, Ruffini’s and Krause End Bulb

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22
Q

Receptor found in the Reticular Dermis

A

Pacinian

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23
Q

The layer of skin has the function of insulation, support, and cushion.

A

Subcutaneous Tissue/Hypodermis

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24
Q

3 concentric layers of Hair

A

Medulla, Cuticle, Cortex

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25
Q

The layer of hair containing the hair pigment

A

Cortex

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26
Q

What type of hair is described as coarse, thick, and pigmented?

A

Terminal

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27
Q

Examples of Terminal Hair

A

Scalp Hair, Axillary Hair, and Pubic hair

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28
Q

What type of hair is described as short, soft, and fine?

A

Velus

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29
Q

Examples of Velus Hair

A

Arm hair and Chest Hair

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30
Q

What type of hair grows at a certain length then stops?

A

Definitive

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31
Q

Examples of Definitive Hair

A

Eyebrow and Eyelash

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32
Q

What is the compressed layer of the Stratum Corneum?

A

Nails

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33
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spoon Nails

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34
Q

Leukonychia

A

White Spots

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35
Q

(+) Schamroth Window Test

A

Digital Clubbing

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36
Q

Nail condition that is caused by a fungal infection?

A

Spoon Nails

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37
Q

Nail condition that is caused by trauma?

A

White Spots

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38
Q

What appendages secretes oil and sebum?

A

Sebaceous Glands

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39
Q

It lubricates and moistures hair and skin

A

Sebum

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40
Q

Most common skin disorder in adolescents

A

Acne Vulgaris

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41
Q

What appendages secretes perspiration?

A

Sweat Glands

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42
Q

Sweat gland that can be found in the entire surface of the body

A

Eccrine/Merocrine

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43
Q

Sweat gland that can only be found in axillary and genitals

A

Apocrine

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44
Q

What sweat gland drains in the hair?

A

Apocrine

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45
Q

What sweat gland drains in the sweat pores?

A

Eccrine/Merocrine

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46
Q

What sweat gland gets stimulated during emotional stress?

A

Apocrine

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47
Q

Smooth muscles that produce piloerection

A

Erector Pilli

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48
Q

“Hives”

A

Urticaria

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49
Q

S/sx: (+) Itching

A

Pruritus

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50
Q

S/sx: (+) eruption on skin

A

Rash

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51
Q

S/sx: (+) Smooth, elevated patches on skin with redness and itching

A

Urticaria

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52
Q

S/sx: (+) eruption on the skin (<5mm)

A

Vesicles

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53
Q

S/sx: (+) vesicular eruption on the skin with fluid-filled (>5mm)

A

Bulla/Blister

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54
Q

S/sx seen in patients with Herpes Simplex and Dermatitis

A

Vesicles

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55
Q

S/sx seen patients with burn or infection

A

Bulla/Blister

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56
Q

Change in skin color seen with carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Cherry Red

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57
Q

Change in skin color seen in anemia, fear/shock, lack of sunlight exposure, and arterial insufficiency

A

Pallor

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58
Q

Change in skin color seen in smokers, patients with advanced lung disease, CHF, and a congenital heart defect

A

Cyanotic

59
Q

(+) yellow skin and sclera of the eye

A

Jaundice

60
Q

(+) Yellow skin

A

Carotemia

61
Q

(+) brown and yellow spots seen in aging, pregnancy, and uterine/liver malignancies

A

Liver Spots

62
Q

Change in skin color seen in patients with venous insufficiency

A

Brownish

63
Q

Moist Skin

A

Hyperhidrosis

64
Q

Dry Skin

A

Hypohidrosis

65
Q

Hidrosis of skin seen during fever, intake of hot drinks, after exercise or pneumonic crisis

A

Hyperhidrosis

66
Q

Hidrosis of the skin seen during dehydration

A

Hypohidrosis

67
Q

Excessive dryness of skin

A

Xeroderma

68
Q

Test for hydration of the skin

A

Skin Turgor Test

69
Q

A normal result for Skin Tugor Test

A

<5 seconds

70
Q

Hidrosis of skin seen in patients with fear/anxiety, depression and AIDS

A

Cold sweats

71
Q

Inflammation of skin with itching, redness, and skin lesion

A

Dermatitis/Eczema

72
Q

3 causes of Dermatitis

A

Allergic, Actinic, Atropic

73
Q

Stage of Dermatitis: (+) red, oozing crusting rash

A

Acute Stage

74
Q

Stage of Dermatitis: (+) erythematous scaling and scattered plaques

A

Subacute Stage

75
Q

Stage of Dermatitis: (+) thickening of the skin, increase skin markings and post-inflammatory pigmentation

A

Chronic stage

76
Q

Cause of Dermatitis: Plants, Harsh Soaps, Chemicals and Adhesive Tape

A

Allergic

77
Q

Cause of Dermatitis: Unknown but associated with allergies, family history, and psychological disorders

A

Atropic

78
Q

Cause of Dermatitis: Exposure to sunlight or artificial lights

A

Actinic

79
Q

Management for Dermatitis

A

Lubrication and Hydration

80
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Allergic

81
Q

Three skin conditions due to bacterial infection

A

Impetigo, Cellulits, Abcess

82
Q

Four skin conditions due to viral infection

A

Herpes I, Herpes II, Herpes Zoster and Warts

83
Q

Two skin conditions due to parasitic infection

A

Scabies and Lice

84
Q

Six autoimmune skin disorders

A

Psoriasis, Lupus Erythematous, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, and Polymyositis

85
Q

Bacterial infection s/sx: (+) Honey Colored

A

Impetigo

86
Q

Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue

A

Cellulitis

87
Q

A cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

A

Abcess

88
Q

A contagious superficial skin disease with inflammation, skin lesion, and itch that is commonly seen in the face and mouth of childer

A

Impetigo

89
Q

Bacterial infection s/sx: fever, red edematous and hot

A

Cellulitis

90
Q

Two bacteria that can cause impetigo and cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus and Streptococcal Infections

91
Q

Management for Cellulits

A

Cool/wet dressing + anti-bacterial drug

92
Q

Management for Abcess

A

Incision and draining of pus

93
Q

“Shingles”

A

Herpes Zoster

94
Q

“Herpes Simplex”

A

Herpes I

95
Q

Vesicular eruption with soreness and itching in the face and mouth

A

Herpes I

96
Q

Vesicular eruption in the genitals that is sexually transmitted

A

Herpes II

97
Q

What virus can cause Herpes Zoster

A

Varicella zoster virus

98
Q

The location where the varicella-zoster virus reacts

A

Dormant in cerebral ganglia/ganglia of posterior nerve roots

99
Q

The cranial nerve affected in Herpes Zoster

A

CN III, V (ophthalmic branch)

100
Q

Raised lumps on the skin caused by HPV

A

Warts

101
Q

What virus can cause warts

A

Human Papilloma Virus

102
Q

The common site of warts

A

Area of Pressure (Heel)

103
Q

Viral Infection s/sx: (+) fever, blister and cold sore

A

Herpes I

104
Q

Viral Infection s/sx: vesicular on single dermatome, pain and paresthesia on dermatome, fever, chills, and GI disturbances

A

Herpes Zoster

105
Q

Viral Infection s/sx: (+) Eye pain, corneal damage, vision loss

A

Herpes Zoster

106
Q

Other sites of warts

A

Fingers/Hands, Foot/Toes and Genitals

107
Q

Management of Herpes Zoster

A

No cure yet, anti-viral drugs to decrease the progression

108
Q

Management of Warts

A

Cryotherapy, Acids, OTC drugs, electrodesiccation

109
Q

Fungal infection where there is a formation of the ring-shaped patch with redness and itching

A

Ringworm

110
Q

Three transmissions of Ringworm

A

Person to person, Animal to person, Soil to Person

111
Q

Type of ringworm found in the Scalp

A

Tinea Capitis

112
Q

Type of ringworm found in the beard

A

Tinea Barbae

113
Q

Type of ringworm found in the trunk and extremities

A

Tinea Corporis

114
Q

Type of ringworm found in the nails

A

Tinea Unguium

115
Q

Type of ringworm found in the groin and genitals

A

Tinea Cruris

116
Q

Type of ringworm found in the foot

A

Tinea Pedis

117
Q

“Mites”

A

Scabies

118
Q

“Pediculosis”

A

Lice

119
Q

Burrows on the skin that causes redness, itching and skin lesion

A

Scabies/Mites

120
Q

An infestation of a common parasite that causes redness, itching, bitemarks, and nits

A

Lice/Pediculosis

121
Q

Management for Scabies

A

Scabicides

122
Q

The location where lice are seen

A

Scalp, body, and genitals

123
Q

Management of Lice

A

Special soap

124
Q

CREST Syndrome

A

Calcinosis, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, Esophageal Dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiestalcia

125
Q

Erythematous plaque covered with silvery scales

A

Psoriasis

126
Q

Pit-point red lesion

A

Auspitz sign

127
Q

The location where psoariasis are seen

A

Scalps, Elbows, Fingers, Hand, Knee, Feet

128
Q

Type of Lupus Erythematous that presents hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation of skin

A

Discoid Lupus Erythematous

129
Q

Type of Lupus Erythematous that is most common in Female > male and affects multiple system

A

SLE

130
Q

Thickening and hardening of skin

A

Scleroderma

131
Q

Skin lesions with dermatitis

A

Dermatomyositis

132
Q

Skin lesion with atrophy of proximal muscle

A

Polymyositis

133
Q

Commonly area with atrophied muscle in Polymyositis

A

Shoulder and Hip

134
Q

Autoimmune s/sx: (+) Auspitz sign

A

Psoariasis

135
Q

Autoimmune s/sx: Butterfly/Malar Rash

A

SLE

136
Q

Autoimmune s/sx: Photosensitivity, anemia, fatigue, arthritis and Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

SLE

137
Q

Management for Psoariasis

A

Psoralens + Long wave UVR

138
Q

Management for Lupus Erythematous, Scleroderma and Myositis

A

Corticosteroids + Immunosuppressive Drugs

139
Q

Skin trauma on intact skin

A

Contusion

140
Q

Skin trauma due to extraversion of blood because of weak blood vessels

A

Ecchymosis

141
Q

Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots on skin

A

Petichae

142
Q

Scraping of skin due to mechanical trauma

A

Abrasion

143
Q

Irregular tear on skin due to jagged or torn skin

A

Laceration

Physiology (9 decks)

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