Integumentary Physiology Flashcards
5 layers of the Epidermis
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum & Stratum Basale
It is a protein that gives a transparent appearance or skin in Stratum Lucidum
Eleidin
It is a prickle cell in the Stratum Spinosum
Spines
The function of this epidermal layer is for heat regulation and water retention
Stratum Granulosum
The function of this epidermal layer is for cell proliferation
Stratum Basale
What are the two important cells that can be seen in Stratum Basale?
Keratinocytes and Melanocytes
What is the dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color?
Melanin
What is the protein that makes up and toughens your hair, skin, and nails?
Keratin
2 layers of Dermis
Papillary and Reticular
What percentage does the papillary layer comprise in the dermis?
20%
What percentage does the reticular layer comprise in the dermis?
80%
It is the function of the dermal papillae projections of the Papillary dermal layer.
Increase Surface Area
What fibers are contained in the reticular dermal layer?
Collagen and Elastin Fibers
Receptor for pain and itch
Free Nerve Endings
Receptor for 2 point discrimination
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Receptor of Heat
Ruffini’s
Receptor for Cold
Krause End Bulb
Receptor for light touch
Merkel’s discs and Meissner’s Corpuscles
Receptor for Vibration and Pressure
Pacinian
Receptors found in the Epidermis
FNE and Merkel’s Discs
Receptors found in the Papillary Dermis
Meissner’s Corpuscles, Ruffini’s and Krause End Bulb
Receptor found in the Reticular Dermis
Pacinian
The layer of skin has the function of insulation, support, and cushion.
Subcutaneous Tissue/Hypodermis
3 concentric layers of Hair
Medulla, Cuticle, Cortex
The layer of hair containing the hair pigment
Cortex
What type of hair is described as coarse, thick, and pigmented?
Terminal
Examples of Terminal Hair
Scalp Hair, Axillary Hair, and Pubic hair
What type of hair is described as short, soft, and fine?
Velus
Examples of Velus Hair
Arm hair and Chest Hair
What type of hair grows at a certain length then stops?
Definitive
Examples of Definitive Hair
Eyebrow and Eyelash
What is the compressed layer of the Stratum Corneum?
Nails
Koilonychia
Spoon Nails
Leukonychia
White Spots
(+) Schamroth Window Test
Digital Clubbing
Nail condition that is caused by a fungal infection?
Spoon Nails
Nail condition that is caused by trauma?
White Spots
What appendages secretes oil and sebum?
Sebaceous Glands
It lubricates and moistures hair and skin
Sebum
Most common skin disorder in adolescents
Acne Vulgaris
What appendages secretes perspiration?
Sweat Glands
Sweat gland that can be found in the entire surface of the body
Eccrine/Merocrine
Sweat gland that can only be found in axillary and genitals
Apocrine
What sweat gland drains in the hair?
Apocrine
What sweat gland drains in the sweat pores?
Eccrine/Merocrine
What sweat gland gets stimulated during emotional stress?
Apocrine
Smooth muscles that produce piloerection
Erector Pilli
“Hives”
Urticaria
S/sx: (+) Itching
Pruritus
S/sx: (+) eruption on skin
Rash
S/sx: (+) Smooth, elevated patches on skin with redness and itching
Urticaria
S/sx: (+) eruption on the skin (<5mm)
Vesicles
S/sx: (+) vesicular eruption on the skin with fluid-filled (>5mm)
Bulla/Blister
S/sx seen in patients with Herpes Simplex and Dermatitis
Vesicles
S/sx seen patients with burn or infection
Bulla/Blister
Change in skin color seen with carbon monoxide poisoning
Cherry Red
Change in skin color seen in anemia, fear/shock, lack of sunlight exposure, and arterial insufficiency
Pallor
Change in skin color seen in smokers, patients with advanced lung disease, CHF, and a congenital heart defect
Cyanotic
(+) yellow skin and sclera of the eye
Jaundice
(+) Yellow skin
Carotemia
(+) brown and yellow spots seen in aging, pregnancy, and uterine/liver malignancies
Liver Spots
Change in skin color seen in patients with venous insufficiency
Brownish
Moist Skin
Hyperhidrosis
Dry Skin
Hypohidrosis
Hidrosis of skin seen during fever, intake of hot drinks, after exercise or pneumonic crisis
Hyperhidrosis
Hidrosis of the skin seen during dehydration
Hypohidrosis
Excessive dryness of skin
Xeroderma
Test for hydration of the skin
Skin Turgor Test
A normal result for Skin Tugor Test
<5 seconds
Hidrosis of skin seen in patients with fear/anxiety, depression and AIDS
Cold sweats
Inflammation of skin with itching, redness, and skin lesion
Dermatitis/Eczema
3 causes of Dermatitis
Allergic, Actinic, Atropic
Stage of Dermatitis: (+) red, oozing crusting rash
Acute Stage
Stage of Dermatitis: (+) erythematous scaling and scattered plaques
Subacute Stage
Stage of Dermatitis: (+) thickening of the skin, increase skin markings and post-inflammatory pigmentation
Chronic stage
Cause of Dermatitis: Plants, Harsh Soaps, Chemicals and Adhesive Tape
Allergic
Cause of Dermatitis: Unknown but associated with allergies, family history, and psychological disorders
Atropic
Cause of Dermatitis: Exposure to sunlight or artificial lights
Actinic
Management for Dermatitis
Lubrication and Hydration
Contact Dermatitis
Allergic
Three skin conditions due to bacterial infection
Impetigo, Cellulits, Abcess
Four skin conditions due to viral infection
Herpes I, Herpes II, Herpes Zoster and Warts
Two skin conditions due to parasitic infection
Scabies and Lice
Six autoimmune skin disorders
Psoriasis, Lupus Erythematous, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, and Polymyositis
Bacterial infection s/sx: (+) Honey Colored
Impetigo
Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
Cellulitis
A cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
Abcess
A contagious superficial skin disease with inflammation, skin lesion, and itch that is commonly seen in the face and mouth of childer
Impetigo
Bacterial infection s/sx: fever, red edematous and hot
Cellulitis
Two bacteria that can cause impetigo and cellulitis
Staphylococcus and Streptococcal Infections
Management for Cellulits
Cool/wet dressing + anti-bacterial drug
Management for Abcess
Incision and draining of pus
“Shingles”
Herpes Zoster
“Herpes Simplex”
Herpes I
Vesicular eruption with soreness and itching in the face and mouth
Herpes I
Vesicular eruption in the genitals that is sexually transmitted
Herpes II
What virus can cause Herpes Zoster
Varicella zoster virus
The location where the varicella-zoster virus reacts
Dormant in cerebral ganglia/ganglia of posterior nerve roots
The cranial nerve affected in Herpes Zoster
CN III, V (ophthalmic branch)
Raised lumps on the skin caused by HPV
Warts
What virus can cause warts
Human Papilloma Virus
The common site of warts
Area of Pressure (Heel)
Viral Infection s/sx: (+) fever, blister and cold sore
Herpes I
Viral Infection s/sx: vesicular on single dermatome, pain and paresthesia on dermatome, fever, chills, and GI disturbances
Herpes Zoster
Viral Infection s/sx: (+) Eye pain, corneal damage, vision loss
Herpes Zoster
Other sites of warts
Fingers/Hands, Foot/Toes and Genitals
Management of Herpes Zoster
No cure yet, anti-viral drugs to decrease the progression
Management of Warts
Cryotherapy, Acids, OTC drugs, electrodesiccation
Fungal infection where there is a formation of the ring-shaped patch with redness and itching
Ringworm
Three transmissions of Ringworm
Person to person, Animal to person, Soil to Person
Type of ringworm found in the Scalp
Tinea Capitis
Type of ringworm found in the beard
Tinea Barbae
Type of ringworm found in the trunk and extremities
Tinea Corporis
Type of ringworm found in the nails
Tinea Unguium
Type of ringworm found in the groin and genitals
Tinea Cruris
Type of ringworm found in the foot
Tinea Pedis
“Mites”
Scabies
“Pediculosis”
Lice
Burrows on the skin that causes redness, itching and skin lesion
Scabies/Mites
An infestation of a common parasite that causes redness, itching, bitemarks, and nits
Lice/Pediculosis
Management for Scabies
Scabicides
The location where lice are seen
Scalp, body, and genitals
Management of Lice
Special soap
CREST Syndrome
Calcinosis, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, Esophageal Dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiestalcia
Erythematous plaque covered with silvery scales
Psoriasis
Pit-point red lesion
Auspitz sign
The location where psoariasis are seen
Scalps, Elbows, Fingers, Hand, Knee, Feet
Type of Lupus Erythematous that presents hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation of skin
Discoid Lupus Erythematous
Type of Lupus Erythematous that is most common in Female > male and affects multiple system
SLE
Thickening and hardening of skin
Scleroderma
Skin lesions with dermatitis
Dermatomyositis
Skin lesion with atrophy of proximal muscle
Polymyositis
Commonly area with atrophied muscle in Polymyositis
Shoulder and Hip
Autoimmune s/sx: (+) Auspitz sign
Psoariasis
Autoimmune s/sx: Butterfly/Malar Rash
SLE
Autoimmune s/sx: Photosensitivity, anemia, fatigue, arthritis and Raynaud’s phenomenon
SLE
Management for Psoariasis
Psoralens + Long wave UVR
Management for Lupus Erythematous, Scleroderma and Myositis
Corticosteroids + Immunosuppressive Drugs
Skin trauma on intact skin
Contusion
Skin trauma due to extraversion of blood because of weak blood vessels
Ecchymosis
Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots on skin
Petichae
Scraping of skin due to mechanical trauma
Abrasion
Irregular tear on skin due to jagged or torn skin
Laceration
