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FM1030 Physiology > Pulmonary Diffusion and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Pulmonary Diffusion and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What affect does breathing 100% oxygen have on the PACO2?

A

It remains unchanged

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2
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

Volume of fresh air entering alveoli per minute

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3
Q

What does gas exchange require?

A

Diffusion of gas
Perfusion of blood

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4
Q

What is Fick’s Law?

A

Rate of diffusion across a tissue barrier is proportional to the surface area, diffusion constant, pressure gradient and inversely proportional to tissue thickness

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5
Q

What is Graham’s Law?

A

When gases are dissolved in liquids, the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas density i.e. gas with a lower molecular weight will diffuse faster

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6
Q

Is oxygen or carbon dioxide more soluble?

A

CO2 by 22 degrees

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7
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

Correlation between solubility of gas in a liquid and its partial pressure

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8
Q

What is the rate of oxygen diffusion dependent on?

A

Integrated mean PO2 difference between alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood

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9
Q

What is the integrated mean PO2 difference between alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood dependent on?

A

Fractional intake of oxygen (FI)
Alveolar ventilation
Oxygenation of haemoglobin
Pulmonary capillary blood flow

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10
Q

What is the barometric pressure at sea level?

A

760mmHg

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11
Q

Define Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure.

A

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts a pressure according to its concentration and independent of other gases present

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12
Q

What is the fraction of air taken in the trachea?

A

0.21

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13
Q

What is the PH2O in the trachea?

A

47mmHg

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14
Q

What is the PO2 in the trachea?

A

150mmHg

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15
Q

What is the respiratory quotient dependent on in the alveolar gas equation?

A

Diet
CO2 produced
O2 consumed

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16
Q

What does air leaving alveoli mix with?

A

Dead space air
Air in trachea

17
Q

What does the mixing of air leaving the alveoli do to the expired air?

A

Reduces its PCO2 compared to the alveoli
Increases its PCO2

18
Q

Does partial pressure or gas concentration that comes to equilibrium during gas exchange?

A

Partial pressures

19
Q

How long does it take blood to transverse pulmonary capillaries?

A

~0.75 seconds

20
Q

How long does it take oxygen to equilibrate in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

~0.3 seconds

21
Q

How long does it take carbon dioxide to equilibrate in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

Almost instantaneous

22
Q

How much oxygen is dissolved in plasma?

A

1.5%

23
Q

What is the primary PaO2 sensor?

A

Carotid body

24
Q

Where is the PaCO2 sensed?

A

CNS

25
Q

What does the transport of CO2 and O2 depend on?

A

Cellular metabolic rate

FM1030 Physiology (10 decks)

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