Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

criteria for massive PE

A
  1. SBP<90 for 15 minutes
  2. SBP<100 with h/o hypertension
  3. > 40% reduction in baseline SBP
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2
Q

indications for thrombolysis with massive PE

A
  1. respiratory distress
  2. hypotension
  3. hypoxia (<90) despite supplemental O2
  4. right heart strain on echo
  5. elevated troponin
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3
Q

pleural based wedge infarct

A

hampton’s hump

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4
Q

westermark’s sign

A

vascular cutoff sign

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5
Q

characteristic finding in high altitude pulmonary edema

A

patchy alveolar infiltrates mostly involving the right middle lobe

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6
Q

MCC of death from high altitude illness

A

high altitude pulm edema

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7
Q

findings from thoracentesis of empyeme

A
  1. Ph<7.2
  2. glucose <60
  3. WBC>50K
  4. positive bacterial culture
  5. grossly purulent fluid
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8
Q

effusion with LDH>2/3 upper limit of serum LDH suggestive of

A

exudative effusion

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9
Q

pleural LDH: serum LDH>0.6 suggestive of

A

exudative effusion

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10
Q

pleural protein: serum protein >0.5 suggestive of

A

exudative effusion

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11
Q

hemoptysis + renal dysfunction

A

goodpasture’s syndrome or wegeners (granulomatosis with polyangitis)

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12
Q

massive hemoptysis

A

≥ 100 mL/hour or ≥ 500 mL over 24-hours

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13
Q

diastolic murmur + hemoptysis

A

mitral stenosis

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14
Q

small vessel vasculitis that is the result of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture syndrome

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15
Q

asthma +eosinophilia

A

churg-strauss (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis)

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16
Q

treatment of goodpasture syndrome

A

steroids, plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide

17
Q

benign, painful, nonsuppurative localized swelling of the costosternal, sternoclavicular, or costochondral joints

A

tietze (usually caused by coughing or viral URI)

18
Q

upper lobe infiltrates, hard rock and coal miners, sometimes hilar lymphadenopathy

A

silicosis

19
Q

lower lobe opacities in someone who works in construction and handle insulation

A

asbestos

20
Q

upper lobe infilrates in patient with aerospace, computer manufacturing and fluorescent light bulb manufacturing

A

berylliosis

21
Q

paO2 in metHgb

A

high

22
Q

infants can get methgb without exposure from what otehr conditions

A

stress, sepsis, diarrhea

23
Q

why is it harder for an anemia patient to be diagnosed with methgb

A

higher percentage of their Hgb has to be with metHgbfor them to turn blue

24
Q

things that cause metHgb

A

benzocaine, prilocaine, nitrites (poppers), pyridium, dapsone, bactrim

25
Q

how to avoid re-expansion pulmonary edema after chest tube placement

A

avoiding suction for expansion of lung and limiting the amount of fluid actually drained

26
Q

Causes of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A
ARDS
High altitude illness and neuro pulm edema
Opioid overdose
PE
Eclampsia
TRALI
27
Q

PFTS in COPD
Residual volume:
TLCO:
FEV1/FVC:

A

RV: high
TLCO: high
FEV1/FVC: decreased

28
Q

criteria in terms of cough for chronic bronchitis

A

chronic productive cough for at least three months in at least two successive years (blue bloaters)

29
Q

light’s criteria

A

(1) pleural fluid to serum protein ratio > 0.5
(2) pleural fluid and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio > 0.6
(3) pleural fluid LDH > 200 IU/mL.

30
Q

When should you put bad lung down

A

massive hemoptysis, severe pleural effusions, and large pulmonary abscesses.

31
Q

at what vital capacity should you consider intubating someoen

A

less than 20ml/kg

32
Q

Interstitial disease from aerospace

A

Berylliosis

33
Q

Foundries, sandblasting, mines, granite- lung disease

A

Silicosis

34
Q

Deposition of iron in tissue- welding

A

Siderosis

35
Q

Tin welding lung disease

A

Stannosis

36
Q

Lung disease from cotton

A

Byssinosis