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Rosh Review > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

treatment of unstable WCT

A

synchronized cardioversion 200J

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2
Q

goal MAP for LVAD patients

A

> 50

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3
Q

timing for PCI in PCI capable center

A

<90 mins contact to device time

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4
Q

timing for PCI in non-PCI center

A

contact to device time <120 minutes (otherwise give thrombolytics)

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5
Q

when should thrombolytics be given

A

within 30 minutes of ED arrival if no PCI

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6
Q

complication of subxiphoid approach for pericardiocentesis

A

RA injury

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7
Q

complications (2) of parasternal approach for pericardiocentesis

A
  1. PTA

2. internal mammary artery injury

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8
Q

MC cause of acute poisoning in developed nations

A

CO

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9
Q

Causes of drug-induced lupus

A 
Hydralazine
INH
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Sulfonamides (HIPPS)
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10
Q

chest pain in pericarditis

A

radiates to left trapezius, worse lying supine and improved with sitting up or leaning forward

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11
Q

beck’s triad

A
  1. muffled heart sounds
  2. JVD
  3. hypotension
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12
Q

QRS amplitude varies from tall to short

A

electrical alternans

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13
Q

SBP>10 during inspiration

A

pulsus paradoxus

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14
Q

tachyarrhythmia associated with WPW

A

AVRT

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15
Q

drugs to avoid in WPW

A 
Adenosine
Beta blocker
Ca channel blocker
digoxin 
anything that slows conduction through AV node
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16
Q

mechanism of WPW

A

bypass tract (bundle of kent) that bypasses the AV node

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17
Q

which is more dangerous- mobitz type 1 or 2

A

type 2

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18
Q

side effects of flecainide

A

QRS widening and PR prolongation

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19
Q

what drugs are class 1c

A

Can I have Fries, Please (flecainide, propafenone)

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20
Q

when does dressler syndrome occur

A

2-10 weeks after MI

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21
Q

treatment for a stable patient with ventricular tachycardia

A
  1. amiodarone
  2. procainamide
  3. lidocaine
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22
Q

complete heart block associated with what kind of MI

A

posterior or inferior

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23
Q

treatment for symptomatic heart block

A

atropine, transcutaneous pacing

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24
Q

MC etiology of myocarditis worldwide

A

chagas disease (trypanosoma crusi)

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25
Q

MC infectious cause of myocarditis in the US is

A

parvovirus B19

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26
Q

tachycardia that is disproportionate to fever or pain

A

myocarditis

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27
Q

how to calculate MAP

A

DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)

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28
Q

most common first line treatment for mild HTN

A

thiazide diuretics

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29
Q

ECG changes of digoxin

A

(1) downsloping ST depression with a characteristic “slurred” appearance; (2) flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves; (3) shortened QT interval

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30
Q

CM that can be caused by alcohol

A

dilated CM

31
Q

management of aortic dissection

A

drop rate followed by BP

32
Q

dose of esmolol for aortic dissection

A

bolus 500mcg/kg followed by 50-200 mcg/kg/min

33
Q

murmur in rheumatic fever

A

low pitched, diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the apex (mitral stenosis) occurs decades after initial infection

34
Q

After fibrinolytics are given to a patient with cardiac arrest, how long should CPR continue prior to pronouncing the patient dead if there is no return of spontaneous circulation

A

at least 20 minutes

35
Q

street drug most likely to cause cardiomyopathy

A

cocaine

36
Q

treatment of pheochromocytoma

A

phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker)

37
Q

treatment of acute hypertensive crisis in pheo

A

phentolamine, nitroprusside, nicardipine

38
Q

first line antihypertensive for african american

A

thiazide diuretics or CCB

39
Q

first line antihypertensive in non-african american patient

A

thiazide, CCB, lisinopril, losartan

40
Q

first line antihypertensive in CKD

A

lisinopril, losartan

41
Q

treatment of HTN caused by cocaine

A

benzos, phentolamine

42
Q

colchicine role in pericarditis

A

helps prevent recurrence

43
Q

treatment for pericarditis

A

high dose NSAIDs 400-800mg TID and colchicine

44
Q

MCC of pericarditis

A
  1. idiopathic 2. coxsackie virus
45
Q

define MAT

A

irregular rhythm resulting from at least 3 different atrial ectopic foci competing to pace the heart, must have three different p wave morphologies to make the diagnosis

46
Q

mechanism of adenosine

A

slows conduction through AV node

47
Q

management of MAT

A
  1. treat underlying cause 2. CCBs
48
Q

what does rejection look like in heart transplant

A

fatigue, HF, not usually angina/CP

49
Q

non-infectious endocarditis with sterile vegetations on both sides of the involved valve

A

libman-sacks

50
Q

patients that need abx ppx for dental surgery

A

prosthetic cardiac valves, previous infective endocarditis, congenital heart disease (unrepaired), or repaired CHD 6months after repair or with known defect, cardiac transplant with valvulopathy

51
Q

ventricular-originated rhythm with rate <100

A

idioventricular rhythm

52
Q

bidirectional vtach

A

digoxin toxicity

53
Q

MC rhythm seen after reperfusion with thrombolytics

A

AIVR

54
Q

treatment of AIVR

A

no treatment, it is a benign rhythm (atropine or overdrive pacing can be used if CO is reduced though)

55
Q

treatment of arrhythmias from huffing

A

beta blockers

56
Q

describe murmur of HOCM and how it changes with valsalva and squatting

A

harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur which increases in intensity with Valsalva maneuver and decreases with squatting

57
Q

what is a capture beat

A

conduction of a regular beat (seen as a sporadic narrow QRS complex)

58
Q

what is a fusion beat

A

sinus-generated pulse conducts to the ventricles and fuses with a ventricular-generated pulse

59
Q

most common dysthrythmias seen after MI

A

PVCs, sinus bradycardia

60
Q

AV blocks with favorable prognosis after MI

A

first degree
second degree type 1 (wenkebach)
narrow complex third degree AV block

61
Q

BP differential between arms that is concerning for aortic dissection

A

> 20mmHg

62
Q

type A aortic dissection involves what

A

ascending aorta

63
Q

type B aortic dissection involves what

A

descending aorta

64
Q

most common cause of aortic stenosis in <65yo

A

bicuspid aortic valve

65
Q

apical displacement of the septal and posterior valve leaflets resulting in atrialization of the right ventricle

A

ebstein anomaly

66
Q

MC symptom of CAD in elderly

A

dyspnea

67
Q

effect of valsalva on AS

A

decreases murmur

68
Q

Terminal R wave in aVR

A

TCA toxicity

69
Q

Most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the US

A

Parvovirus

70
Q

Most common acute bacterial cause of myocarditis

A

ARF

71
Q

Carotid massage does what to second degree type 1 and type 2 heart blocks

A

Type 1- worsened

Type 2- improved

72
Q

compare restrictive cardiomyopathy with constrictive pericarditis

A

restrictive- fibrotic process of the muscles

constrictive- scarring and loss of elasticity of sac

73
Q

pain with pericarditis- compare positions

A

worse lying flat, improved leaning forward

74
Q

AV block most commonly associated with inferior wall MI

A

Wenkebach- mobitz type 1

Rosh Review (17 decks)

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