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Rosh Review > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

treatment of unstable WCT

A

synchronized cardioversion 200J

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2
Q

goal MAP for LVAD patients

A

> 50

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3
Q

timing for PCI in PCI capable center

A

<90 mins contact to device time

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4
Q

timing for PCI in non-PCI center

A

contact to device time <120 minutes (otherwise give thrombolytics)

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5
Q

when should thrombolytics be given

A

within 30 minutes of ED arrival if no PCI

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6
Q

complication of subxiphoid approach for pericardiocentesis

A

RA injury

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7
Q

complications (2) of parasternal approach for pericardiocentesis

A
  1. PTA

2. internal mammary artery injury

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8
Q

MC cause of acute poisoning in developed nations

A

CO

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9
Q

Causes of drug-induced lupus

A 
Hydralazine
INH
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Sulfonamides (HIPPS)
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10
Q

chest pain in pericarditis

A

radiates to left trapezius, worse lying supine and improved with sitting up or leaning forward

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11
Q

beck’s triad

A
  1. muffled heart sounds
  2. JVD
  3. hypotension
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12
Q

QRS amplitude varies from tall to short

A

electrical alternans

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13
Q

SBP>10 during inspiration

A

pulsus paradoxus

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14
Q

tachyarrhythmia associated with WPW

A

AVRT

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15
Q

drugs to avoid in WPW

A 
Adenosine
Beta blocker
Ca channel blocker
digoxin 
anything that slows conduction through AV node
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16
Q

mechanism of WPW

A

bypass tract (bundle of kent) that bypasses the AV node

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17
Q

which is more dangerous- mobitz type 1 or 2

A

type 2

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18
Q

side effects of flecainide

A

QRS widening and PR prolongation

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19
Q

what drugs are class 1c

A

Can I have Fries, Please (flecainide, propafenone)

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20
Q

when does dressler syndrome occur

A

2-10 weeks after MI

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21
Q

treatment for a stable patient with ventricular tachycardia

A
  1. amiodarone
  2. procainamide
  3. lidocaine
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22
Q

complete heart block associated with what kind of MI

A

posterior or inferior

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23
Q

treatment for symptomatic heart block

A

atropine, transcutaneous pacing

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24
Q

MC etiology of myocarditis worldwide

A

chagas disease (trypanosoma crusi)

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25
MC infectious cause of myocarditis in the US is
parvovirus B19
26
tachycardia that is disproportionate to fever or pain
myocarditis
27
how to calculate MAP
DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)
28
most common first line treatment for mild HTN
thiazide diuretics
29
ECG changes of digoxin
(1) downsloping ST depression with a characteristic “slurred” appearance; (2) flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves; (3) shortened QT interval
30
CM that can be caused by alcohol
dilated CM
31
management of aortic dissection
drop rate followed by BP
32
dose of esmolol for aortic dissection
bolus 500mcg/kg followed by 50-200 mcg/kg/min
33
murmur in rheumatic fever
low pitched, diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the apex (mitral stenosis) occurs decades after initial infection
34
After fibrinolytics are given to a patient with cardiac arrest, how long should CPR continue prior to pronouncing the patient dead if there is no return of spontaneous circulation
at least 20 minutes
35
street drug most likely to cause cardiomyopathy
cocaine
36
treatment of pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker)
37
treatment of acute hypertensive crisis in pheo
phentolamine, nitroprusside, nicardipine
38
first line antihypertensive for african american
thiazide diuretics or CCB
39
first line antihypertensive in non-african american patient
thiazide, CCB, lisinopril, losartan
40
first line antihypertensive in CKD
lisinopril, losartan
41
treatment of HTN caused by cocaine
benzos, phentolamine
42
colchicine role in pericarditis
helps prevent recurrence
43
treatment for pericarditis
high dose NSAIDs 400-800mg TID and colchicine
44
MCC of pericarditis
1. idiopathic 2. coxsackie virus
45
define MAT
irregular rhythm resulting from at least 3 different atrial ectopic foci competing to pace the heart, must have three different p wave morphologies to make the diagnosis
46
mechanism of adenosine
slows conduction through AV node
47
management of MAT
1. treat underlying cause 2. CCBs
48
what does rejection look like in heart transplant
fatigue, HF, not usually angina/CP
49
non-infectious endocarditis with sterile vegetations on both sides of the involved valve
libman-sacks
50
patients that need abx ppx for dental surgery
prosthetic cardiac valves, previous infective endocarditis, congenital heart disease (unrepaired), or repaired CHD 6months after repair or with known defect, cardiac transplant with valvulopathy
51
ventricular-originated rhythm with rate <100
idioventricular rhythm
52
bidirectional vtach
digoxin toxicity
53
MC rhythm seen after reperfusion with thrombolytics
AIVR
54
treatment of AIVR
no treatment, it is a benign rhythm (atropine or overdrive pacing can be used if CO is reduced though)
55
treatment of arrhythmias from huffing
beta blockers
56
describe murmur of HOCM and how it changes with valsalva and squatting
harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur which increases in intensity with Valsalva maneuver and decreases with squatting
57
what is a capture beat
conduction of a regular beat (seen as a sporadic narrow QRS complex)
58
what is a fusion beat
sinus-generated pulse conducts to the ventricles and fuses with a ventricular-generated pulse
59
most common dysthrythmias seen after MI
PVCs, sinus bradycardia
60
AV blocks with favorable prognosis after MI
first degree second degree type 1 (wenkebach) narrow complex third degree AV block
61
BP differential between arms that is concerning for aortic dissection
>20mmHg
62
type A aortic dissection involves what
ascending aorta
63
type B aortic dissection involves what
descending aorta
64
most common cause of aortic stenosis in <65yo
bicuspid aortic valve
65
apical displacement of the septal and posterior valve leaflets resulting in atrialization of the right ventricle
ebstein anomaly
66
MC symptom of CAD in elderly
dyspnea
67
effect of valsalva on AS
decreases murmur
68
Terminal R wave in aVR
TCA toxicity
69
Most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the US
Parvovirus
70
Most common acute bacterial cause of myocarditis
ARF
71
Carotid massage does what to second degree type 1 and type 2 heart blocks
Type 1- worsened | Type 2- improved
72
compare restrictive cardiomyopathy with constrictive pericarditis
restrictive- fibrotic process of the muscles | constrictive- scarring and loss of elasticity of sac
73
pain with pericarditis- compare positions
worse lying flat, improved leaning forward
74
AV block most commonly associated with inferior wall MI
Wenkebach- mobitz type 1

Rosh Review (17 decks)

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