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Rosh Review > Endo/electrolytes/renal > Flashcards

Endo/electrolytes/renal Flashcards

1
Q

electrolyte abnormalities in rhabdo

A

hyperk, hyperPO4, hypocalcemia

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2
Q

what is considered rhabdo in terms of CK level

A

CK>5 times upper limit of normal

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3
Q

3 complications of rhabdo

A
  1. DIC
  2. ARF
  3. compartment syndrome
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4
Q

primary adrenal insufficiency

A

addison’s disease

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5
Q

ACTH level in primary adrenal insufficiency

A

elevated

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6
Q

2 other illnesses that mimic renal colic

A
  1. renal vein thrombosis

2. aortic/iliac aneurysm

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7
Q

uric acid renal stones on XR

A

translUcent

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8
Q

MCC of HHS

A

infection

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9
Q

hypocalcemia ECG

A

prolonged QTc

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10
Q

hypocalcemia causing facial twitching- sign

A

Chvostek’s sign

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11
Q

carpal spasm when BP cuff inflated for greater than 3 mins in hypocalcemia

A

trousseau’s sign

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12
Q

hypoparathryoidism lab abnormalities

A

hypoCa, hypoPTH, hyperphosphatemia

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13
Q

ECG hypercalcemia

A

shortened Qtc

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14
Q

indications for dialysis in hypercalcemia

A

CHF, renal disease, level >18, altered mental status

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15
Q

treatment of TTP

A

plasmapharesis

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16
Q

what electrolyte should be repleted with thiamine

A

magnesium

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17
Q

how should thiamine be replaced

A

thiamine before glucose

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18
Q

phosphate levels in hyperPTH

A

decreased, PTH promotes renal excretion of phosphate

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19
Q

problem with administering T3

A

can precipitate arrhythmias and SCD

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20
Q

management of AKA

A

D5NS

21
Q

what electrolyte abnormality can cause hypocalcemia

A

hypoMg

22
Q

how to calculate true Na level when hyperglycemic

A

1.6mEq Na for every 100mEq BG>100

23
Q

urine Na and FeNA in ATN and post-renal

A

urine >20, FeNa>1% as is there is impairment of kidney’s ability to concentrate the urine

24
Q

treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

oral FG (7d) or bactrim (10d)

25
Q

abx for UTI

A

bactrim or oral FQ (for cystitis and mild/mod ill complicated UTI)

26
Q

duration of treatment for complicated UTI

A

14d

27
Q

treatment for hospitalized pyelonephritis

A

IV FQ OR amp/gent OR third gen cephalosporin

28
Q

duration of treatment for uncomplicated cystitis

A

3-5 days

29
Q

duration of treatment for cystitis with comorbid conditions

A

7 days

30
Q

treatment of exogenous thyroid storm

A

propanolol and steroids

31
Q

what are the two mechanisms of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism

A

destructive thyroidtis and increased thyroid load

32
Q

possible complication of SBP

A

hepatorenal syndrome

33
Q

treatment for hyperCa from chronic granulomatous disease

A

steroids

34
Q

are symptoms of hypercalcemia due to absolute number or the rate of rise

A

rate of rise

35
Q

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia- vitamin deficiency

A

niacin (B3)

36
Q

indications for dialysis in hypercalcemia

A
  1. calcium>18
  2. neuro symptoms
  3. CHD
  4. renal failure
37
Q

ACTH in primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

ACTH high in primary (trying to stimulate adrenals_

ACTH low in secondary

38
Q

medications that cause hypercalcemia

A

lithium and thiazide diuretics

39
Q

Does treatment with ABx help prevent PSGN

A

No, does reduce risk of rheumatic fever, however

40
Q

What electrolyte should be monitored when patient is on bicarbonate drip

A

Potassium

41
Q

Seizure medicine that causes sodium blockage

A

Phenytoin

42
Q

inhibition of synthesis of thyroid hormone by blocking oxidation of iodine in the thyroid gland- medication

A

methimazole

43
Q

partially blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3- medication

A

propanolol

44
Q

compare methimazole to PTU

A

PTU blocks some peripheral conversion whereas methimazole does not

45
Q

medication that inhibits release of stored thyroid hormone

A

iodine

46
Q

why do you need to give iodine at least an hour after PTU, etc

A

because you don’t want the thyroid to start producing more thyroid hormone once the iodine allows it to be released

47
Q

what is used as primary treatment of myxedema coma

A

thyroxine

48
Q

what finding of myxedema coma is most predictive of mortality

A

hypothermia on presentation

49
Q

Hypercalcemia indications for HD

A

Calcium >18
Neuro symptoms
Presence of CHF
Presence of renal failure

Rosh Review (17 decks)

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