GI Flashcards

1
Q

what increases risk of incarcerated hernia

A

smaller hernia- more likely to incarcerate

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2
Q

where is an indirect hernia located

A

lateral to interior epigastric artery

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3
Q

what decreases bulge in direct hernia

A

laying flat

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4
Q

patients most prone to femoral hernia

A

elderly female

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5
Q

exocrine function of pancreas is mediated by

A

acinar cells

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6
Q

which pancreas cells produce insulin

A

beta cells

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7
Q

pancreas cells that produce glucagon

A

alpha cells

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8
Q

MCC pancreatitis

A

gallstones >alcohol

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9
Q

usual site of rupture in boerhaves

A

distal left posterolateral wall of esophagus

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10
Q

diagnostic study of choice for boerhaves

A

esophogram using water soluble contrast

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11
Q

lower chest pain, vomiting, subq emphysema in boerhaves

A

mackler triad

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12
Q

management after rectal foreign body removal

A

observe 4-6 hours for signs of perforation

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13
Q

MCC pancreatitis worldwide

A

gallstones

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14
Q

MCC intermittent dysphagia with solids

A

Schatzki ring

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15
Q

how to diagnose achalasia

A

esophageal manometry (inc LES pressure)

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16
Q

thin structures in the esophagus associated with iron deficiency and plummer vinson

A

esophageal webs

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17
Q

vitamin deficiency that should be considered in neuro deficits + gastric bypass

A

thiamine deficiency

18
Q

what lab value may be elevated in GI bleed

A

BUN

19
Q

pain of duodenal ulcer

A

improves when eating (DUDe give me food)

20
Q

what small bowel diameter suggests SB dilation

A

> 3cm

21
Q

most common bacteria to cause cholangitis

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Bacteroides

22
Q

LFTS in alcoholic hepatitis

A

2-10 times normal

23
Q

what causes elevations in unconjugated bilirubin

A

unable to be excreted in bile and occurs after hemolysis and liver disease

24
Q

most common cause of upper GI bleeding

A

PUD

25
Q

indications for endoscopy in PUD

A

age >55, early satiety, dysphagia, persistent vomiting, anemia or GI bleed, jaundice, unexplaind weight loss, presence of abdominal mass

26
Q

malignancy associated with h pylori

A

MALToma

27
Q

what is the most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia

A

cardiac emboli to SMA

28
Q

migratory thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic cancer

A

trousseau syndrome

29
Q

what is obstipation

A

inability to pass stool or flatus for more than 8 hours despite a perceived need

30
Q

lateral anal fissures are associated with what conditions

A

IBD, malignancy, communicable diseases

31
Q

within how many hours should NAC be given after tylenol ingestion to prevent hepatotoxicity

A

8 hours

32
Q

distinguish between 2nd and 3rd degree internal hemorrhoid

A

2nd- protrudes but reduces on its own

3rd- protrudes and has to be manually reduced

33
Q

medication that puts people at risk for mesenteric ischemia

A

digoxin

34
Q

Fish with peppery taste

A

Scombroid

35
Q

Rice water stools

A

Vibrio cholerae

36
Q

Treatmnet of ETEC

A

Cipro/azithro

37
Q

Contrast to find boerhaves

A

Water soluble

38
Q

MC location of boerhave

A

left posterolateral distal esophagus

39
Q

MC site of volvulus

A

sigmoid

40
Q

Bilirubin that accumulates with increased production and decreased conjugation

A

Unconjugated, indirect

41
Q

Accumulates in disease that slow secretion of bile into the intestine

A

Conjugated, direct

42
Q

Compare exam for direct vs indirect hernia

A

Indirect goes into scrotum, direct does not