GI

Question 1

what increases risk of incarcerated hernia

Answer 1

smaller hernia- more likely to incarcerate

Question 2

where is an indirect hernia located

Answer 2

lateral to interior epigastric artery

Question 3

what decreases bulge in direct hernia

Answer 3

laying flat

Question 4

patients most prone to femoral hernia

Answer 4

elderly female

Question 5

exocrine function of pancreas is mediated by

Answer 5

acinar cells

Question 6

which pancreas cells produce insulin

Answer 6

beta cells

Question 7

pancreas cells that produce glucagon

Answer 7

alpha cells

Question 8

MCC pancreatitis

Answer 8

gallstones >alcohol

Question 9

usual site of rupture in boerhaves

Answer 9

distal left posterolateral wall of esophagus

Question 10

diagnostic study of choice for boerhaves

Answer 10

esophogram using water soluble contrast

Question 11

lower chest pain, vomiting, subq emphysema in boerhaves

Answer 11

mackler triad

Question 12

management after rectal foreign body removal

Answer 12

observe 4-6 hours for signs of perforation

Question 13

MCC pancreatitis worldwide

Answer 13

gallstones

Question 14

MCC intermittent dysphagia with solids

Answer 14

Schatzki ring

Question 15

how to diagnose achalasia

Answer 15

esophageal manometry (inc LES pressure)

Question 16

thin structures in the esophagus associated with iron deficiency and plummer vinson

Answer 16

esophageal webs

Question 17

vitamin deficiency that should be considered in neuro deficits + gastric bypass

Answer 17

thiamine deficiency

Question 18

what lab value may be elevated in GI bleed

Answer 18

BUN

Question 19

pain of duodenal ulcer

Answer 19

improves when eating (DUDe give me food)

Question 20

what small bowel diameter suggests SB dilation

Answer 20

> 3cm

Question 21

most common bacteria to cause cholangitis

Answer 21

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Bacteroides

Question 22

LFTS in alcoholic hepatitis

Answer 22

2-10 times normal

Question 23

what causes elevations in unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 23

unable to be excreted in bile and occurs after hemolysis and liver disease

Question 24

most common cause of upper GI bleeding

Answer 24

PUD

Question 25

indications for endoscopy in PUD

Answer 25

age >55, early satiety, dysphagia, persistent vomiting, anemia or GI bleed, jaundice, unexplaind weight loss, presence of abdominal mass

Question 26

malignancy associated with h pylori

Answer 26

MALToma

Question 27

what is the most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia

Answer 27

cardiac emboli to SMA

Question 28

migratory thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic cancer

Answer 28

trousseau syndrome

Question 29

what is obstipation

Answer 29

inability to pass stool or flatus for more than 8 hours despite a perceived need

Question 30

lateral anal fissures are associated with what conditions

Answer 30

IBD, malignancy, communicable diseases

Question 31

within how many hours should NAC be given after tylenol ingestion to prevent hepatotoxicity

Answer 31

8 hours

Question 32

distinguish between 2nd and 3rd degree internal hemorrhoid

Answer 32

2nd- protrudes but reduces on its own | 3rd- protrudes and has to be manually reduced

Question 33

medication that puts people at risk for mesenteric ischemia

Answer 33

digoxin

Question 34

Fish with peppery taste

Answer 34

Scombroid

Question 35

Rice water stools

Answer 35

Vibrio cholerae

Question 36

Treatmnet of ETEC

Answer 36

Cipro/azithro

Question 37

Contrast to find boerhaves

Answer 37

Water soluble

Question 38

MC location of boerhave

Answer 38

left posterolateral distal esophagus

Question 39

MC site of volvulus

Answer 39

sigmoid

Question 40

Bilirubin that accumulates with increased production and decreased conjugation

Answer 40

Unconjugated, indirect

Question 41

Accumulates in disease that slow secretion of bile into the intestine

Answer 41

Conjugated, direct

Question 42

Compare exam for direct vs indirect hernia

Answer 42

Indirect goes into scrotum, direct does not