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Pediatrics > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Croup

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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2
Q

What causes Croup

A

Parainfluenza

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3
Q

Sx of Croup

A

Barking Cough, Inspiratory Stridor, Hoarse Voice

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4
Q

Dx of Croup

A

CXR: Steeple Sign due to subglottic narrowing

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5
Q

Tx of Croup

A

Steroids and nebulized racemic Epinephrine

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6
Q

What is acute bronchitis

A

Upper airway disease

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7
Q

What causes Acute Bronchitis

A

Viral: Influenza, Parainfluenza

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8
Q

Sx of Acute Bronchitis

A

1-2 days URI (fever, rhinorrea, cough) followed by wheezing, tachypnea, respiratory distress

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9
Q

Dx of Acute Bronchitis

A

Nasal Swab can be done but not necessary

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10
Q

Tx of Acute Bronchitis

A

Supportive: Hydration, O2, Suction
Exposed child should avoid daycare (Quarantine)
Wash hands frequently

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Strep. Pneumo (95%), followed by H.Flu, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella
BUT MOST PNEUMONIA IS VIRAL

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12
Q

Sx of Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Fever, Tachypnea, Cough, Dyspnea, Crackles, Diminished Lung Souunds

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13
Q

Tx of Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Age Dependent but generally Ampicillin for babies and Amoxicillin for older
5yrs: Macrolide, Amoxicillin, or Penicillin G

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14
Q

Dx for Asthma

A

FEV (airflow) / FVC (Air Volume)

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15
Q

What categorizes Intermittent Asthma. What is the Tx.

A
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16
Q

What categorizes Mild Persistent Asthma. What is the Tx.

A

> 2x/wk during the day
2x/month at night
Tx: SABA + Low Dose ICS (Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Flunisolone, Fluticasone, Triamcinolone)

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17
Q

What categorizes Moderate Persistent Asthma. What is the Tx.

A

Daily sx
>1x/wk at night
Tx: SABA + Medium Dose ICS +/- LABA (Salmeterol, Formoterol)

18
Q

What categorizes Severe Persistent Asthma. What is the Tx.

A

Multiple times everyday
Nightly
Tx: SABA + High Dose ICS + LABA +/- Systemic Corticosteroid (Omalizumab)

19
Q

What is Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Most common neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Caused by surfactant deficiency

20
Q

When does Surfactant Production Begin? When is it complete?

A

Begins 24-28wks

Ends by 35wks

21
Q

Sx of Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Difficulty breathing at birth, gets progressively worse, cyanosis, nostril flaring, tachypnea, grunting sounds, chest retractions

22
Q

Dx of Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

CXR: Ground Glass, hypoexapnsion, air bronchograms

23
Q

Tx of Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Endotracheal Tube
O2
Surfactant Replacement

24
Q

Where is a foreign body most likely to go

A

Right bronchiole

25
Q

Sx of Foreign Body Aspiration

A

Abrupt onset of chocking, coughing, inability to vocalize, cyanosis
Decreased breaths sounds, wheezing usually unilateral and localized to side of obstruction

26
Q

Dx of Foreign Body Aspiration

A

Gold Standard: Bronchoscopy

CXR

27
Q

Tx of Foreign Body Aspiration

A

Bronchoscopy

Back blows for infants 1yr

28
Q

What causes Cystic Fibrosis

A

Autosomal Recessive defect in CFTR Gene (Chloride channel issue)

29
Q

What structural problems occur with Cystic Fibrosis

A

Increased mucus buildup in lungs, pancreas, and intestines

30
Q

Sx of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Bronchiectasis: Recurrent URIs, Productive Cough, Dyspnea, Chest Pain, Chronic Sinusitis
Pancreatic Insufficiency: Steatorrhea, Bulky stools and fat soluble vitamin deficiency
Growth Delays: Failure to thrive
Infertility
GI: Meconium Ileus at birth (intestinal obstruction

31
Q

Dx of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Sweat Chloride Test is elevated

CXR: Bronchiectasis, permanent dilation of airways

32
Q

What are sputum cultures likely to show with Cystic Fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas, Staph. Auerus, and H.Flu

33
Q

Tx of Cystic Fibrosis

A 
No Cure, just management.
Airway Clearance
Bronchodilators, Mucolytics
Pancreatic enzyme replacement (Vit. A, D, E, K)
Lung/Pancreas Replacement
34
Q

Tx for Acute Bronchiolitis RSV. And what do you prophylaxis for other kids

A

Supportive: Hydration, O2, Freq. Suctioning
Quarantine affected child, avoid daycare
Wash Hands

35
Q

Dx for Asthma

A

Both airflow and air volume are decreased, but airflow decreases more
FEV1(Airflow)/FVC(Air Volume)

36
Q

Define Moderate Persistent Asthma and how you treat it

A

Daily Symptoms during the day with daily SABA use, Nightly sx 1x/wk
Tx: SABA as needed + ICS +/-LABA
SABA:Albuterol
ICS: Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Flunisolone, Fluticasone, Triamcinolone
LABA: Salmetrol, Formoterol

37
Q

Sx of Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Difficulty breathing at birth that gets progressively worse, GRUNTING, cyanosis, nostril flaring, tachypnea, chest retraction
CXR: Ground Glass

38
Q

Dx RSV Bronchiolotis

A

Nasal Swab can be done but necessary
Starts as URI (fever, rhinorrhea, cough) that gets progressively worse to cough, tachypnea, respiratory distress, crackles or wheeze

39
Q

H&P for newborn with Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Premature infant in respiratory distress. Incidence is 5% from 35-36wks and increases to 50% from 26-28wks
Due to deficient surfactant production

40
Q

Dx Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Premature infant that is tachypnea, cyanosis, expiratory GRUNTING
CXR: Bilateral atelectasis (ground glass), air bronchograms
Cyanosis, nasal flaring, doming of diaphgram and hypoinflation

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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