Infectious Disease

Question 1

What are common disease associated with Atypical Mycobacterial Disease

Answer 1

Lymphadenitis: M. Avium Complex
Pulmonary: M.Kansaii or M. Avium Complex
Swimming Pool Granuloma: M.Marinum
Chronic Osteomyelitis: M.Kansaii or M.Fortuitum
Meningitis: M.Kansasii

Question 2

Tx for Atypical Mycobacterial Diseses

Answer 2

RIPE drugs, Chemo

Question 3

What are Pinworms

Answer 3

Intestinal roundworm

Enterobius Vermicularis

Question 4

How are Pinworms spread

Answer 4

Fecal-Oral, humans are only host

Question 5

Sx of Pinworms

Answer 5

Perianal/Perineal itching, especially at night
Restlessness
They lay their eggs at night

Question 6

Dx of Pinworms

Answer 6

Scotch Tape Test - Microscopic visual inspection

Question 7

Tx of Pinworms

Answer 7

Mebendazole, Albendazole
Consider tx houshold
Encourage handwashing
Wash linens

Question 8

What disease does Epstein-Barr Cause

Answer 8

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 9

Sx of EBV

Answer 9

1-2 month incubation period followed by 2-3 days of malaise

Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly

Question 10

Dx of EBV

Answer 10

Monospot test for heterophil antibody

EBV Serology

Question 11

Tx of EBV

Answer 11

Supportive
No contact sports due to risk of splenic rupture
Corticosteroids if airway obstructed, thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia

Question 12

Where is HSV-1 and HSV-2

Answer 12

HSV-1: Oral

HSV-2: Genital

Question 13

Sx of Herpes infection

Answer 13

Prodomal burning/paresthesia/tingling

PAINFUL grouped vesicles on erythematous base

Question 14

Tx of Herpes

Answer 14

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir

Question 15

What causes Mumps

Answer 15

Paramyxovirus

Question 16

Sx of Mumps

Answer 16

Low grade fever, myalgias, headache

Painful parotid gland swelling

Question 17

Dx of Mumps

Answer 17

Serologies

Question 18

Tx of Mumps

Answer 18

Supportive, Anti-inflammatories

Question 19

Which strain of Influenza is most severe

Answer 19

Influenza-A

Question 20

Sx of Influenza

Answer 20

High grade fever, muscle aches, malaise, chills, coryza, pharyngitis, cough

Question 21

Dx of Influenza

Answer 21

PCR

Question 22

Tx of Influenza

Answer 22

Antivirals if within 48 hours of onset of sx

Otherwise, supportive

Question 23

What causes Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 23

Paramyxovirus

Question 24

Sx of Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 24

3 C’s: Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough
Koplik spots
Maculopapular “brick red” rash that starts on face, hairline, then moves to extremities then palms/soles

Question 25

Dx of Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 25

IgM or IgG | PCR Testing

Question 26

Tx of Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 26

Supportive, Anti-Inflammatory

Question 27

What causes Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 27

Togavirus

Question 28

Sx of Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 28

Low grade fever, malaise, maculopapular rash for up to 3 days, URI sx

Question 29

What causes Chickenpox

Answer 29

Varicella/Herpes Zoster

Question 30

Sx of Varicella

Answer 30

Widely scattered red macules and papules that are concentrated on trunk and face Turn into vesicles, pustules then crust

Question 31

Tx of Varicella

Answer 31

Acyclovir if started within 7-9 days of exposure | Supportive, cool soaks, diphenydramine for itch

Question 32

What causes Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)

Answer 32

Parvovirus B19

Question 33

Sx of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)

Answer 33

Slapped Cheek: red rash on face and lacy reticular rash on extremities

Question 34

What causes Roseola

Answer 34

HHV 6 and HHV 7

Question 35

Sx of Roseola

Answer 35

Rash that starts on TRUNK then spreads to face Fever for 3-5 days, kid looks ok during febrile state Non-contagious once rash starts

Question 36

What causes Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

Answer 36

Coxsackie Virus

Question 37

Sx of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

Answer 37

Vesicles or red papules on tongue, oral mucosa, hands or feet Mild fever, sore throat and malaise

Question 38

What causes Pertussis

Answer 38

Bordatella Pertussis

Question 39

**Sx of Pertussis**

Answer 39

Prodromal Catarrhal Stage: URI sx at first, low fever, malaise 2 weeks of violent cough (10-30 coughs followed by INSPIRATORY whoop, post-tussive emesis During episodes of coughing: cyanosis, sweating, prostration, exhaustion Gradual improvement 2-4 weeks Cough resolves after 1-3 months

Question 40

**Tx of Pertussis**

Answer 40

Azithromycin to avoid spread Quarantine for 5 days while on Abx Vaccine: DTap

Question 41

**Sx of Pinworms**

Answer 41

Perianal/Perineal Itching Especially at night Worms lay their eggs at night Restlessness at night

Question 42

**Tx of Pinworms**

Answer 42

Albendazole (as a single dose for kids 1-2; good for all ages but not approved by FDA) for kids, Mebendazole Treat entire household at the same time to avoid reinfection Drugs are not effective against eggs, so repeat tx after 2 wks to kill recently hatched eggs

Question 43

**What is the most severe form of Influenza**

Answer 43

Influenza A | Due to high mutation rate

Question 44

**How is Erythema Infectiosum-Fifths Disease Spread**

Answer 44

Respiratory Droplets | Incubation 4-14 days

Question 45

**Sx of Erythema Infectiosum-Fifths Disease**

Answer 45

Slapped Cheek: red rash over face + lacy reticular rash on extremities Coryza, fever, arthropathy

Question 46

**What is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever**

Answer 46

Rickettsia Rickettsii Transmitted by Tick Eastern and Southeastern States and Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma

Question 47

**Sx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever**

Answer 47

Fever, GI sx, Headache Rash (macules and papules) on Palms and Soles, Face is spared Rash appears 2-6 days after fever

Question 48

**Tx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever**

Answer 48

Doxycycline

Question 49

**Dx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever**

Answer 49

Labs reflect vasculitis: thrombocytopenia, hyponatermia, early mild leukopenia Serologic studies with fluorescent agglutination antibody

Question 50

**Tx for Pertussis**

Answer 50

Azithromycin to help prevent spread, not really used to tx pt. Quarantine for 5 days while on abx Treat close contacts, report cases

Question 51

**How do you get Pinworms**

Answer 51

Adult worms live in the colon. Females deposit eggs in perianal area, usually at night Scratching contaminates fingers and allows transmission back and forth back to host or fecal-oral spread