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Pediatrics > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are common disease associated with Atypical Mycobacterial Disease

A 
Lymphadenitis: M. Avium Complex
Pulmonary: M.Kansaii or M. Avium Complex
Swimming Pool Granuloma: M.Marinum
Chronic Osteomyelitis: M.Kansaii or M.Fortuitum
Meningitis: M.Kansasii
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2
Q

Tx for Atypical Mycobacterial Diseses

A

RIPE drugs, Chemo

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3
Q

What are Pinworms

A

Intestinal roundworm

Enterobius Vermicularis

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4
Q

How are Pinworms spread

A

Fecal-Oral, humans are only host

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5
Q

Sx of Pinworms

A

Perianal/Perineal itching, especially at night
Restlessness
They lay their eggs at night

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6
Q

Dx of Pinworms

A

Scotch Tape Test - Microscopic visual inspection

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7
Q

Tx of Pinworms

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole
Consider tx houshold
Encourage handwashing
Wash linens

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8
Q

What disease does Epstein-Barr Cause

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

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9
Q

Sx of EBV

A

1-2 month incubation period followed by 2-3 days of malaise

Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly

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10
Q

Dx of EBV

A

Monospot test for heterophil antibody

EBV Serology

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11
Q

Tx of EBV

A

Supportive
No contact sports due to risk of splenic rupture
Corticosteroids if airway obstructed, thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia

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12
Q

Where is HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

HSV-1: Oral

HSV-2: Genital

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13
Q

Sx of Herpes infection

A

Prodomal burning/paresthesia/tingling

PAINFUL grouped vesicles on erythematous base

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14
Q

Tx of Herpes

A

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir

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15
Q

What causes Mumps

A

Paramyxovirus

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16
Q

Sx of Mumps

A

Low grade fever, myalgias, headache

Painful parotid gland swelling

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17
Q

Dx of Mumps

A

Serologies

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18
Q

Tx of Mumps

A

Supportive, Anti-inflammatories

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19
Q

Which strain of Influenza is most severe

A

Influenza-A

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20
Q

Sx of Influenza

A

High grade fever, muscle aches, malaise, chills, coryza, pharyngitis, cough

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21
Q

Dx of Influenza

A

PCR

22
Q

Tx of Influenza

A

Antivirals if within 48 hours of onset of sx

Otherwise, supportive

23
Q

What causes Rubeola (Measles)

A

Paramyxovirus

24
Q

Sx of Rubeola (Measles)

A

3 C’s: Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough
Koplik spots
Maculopapular “brick red” rash that starts on face, hairline, then moves to extremities then palms/soles

25
Q

Dx of Rubeola (Measles)

A

IgM or IgG

PCR Testing

26
Q

Tx of Rubeola (Measles)

A

Supportive, Anti-Inflammatory

27
Q

What causes Rubella (German Measles)

A

Togavirus

28
Q

Sx of Rubella (German Measles)

A

Low grade fever, malaise, maculopapular rash for up to 3 days, URI sx

29
Q

What causes Chickenpox

A

Varicella/Herpes Zoster

30
Q

Sx of Varicella

A

Widely scattered red macules and papules that are concentrated on trunk and face
Turn into vesicles, pustules then crust

31
Q

Tx of Varicella

A

Acyclovir if started within 7-9 days of exposure

Supportive, cool soaks, diphenydramine for itch

32
Q

What causes Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)

A

Parvovirus B19

33
Q

Sx of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)

A

Slapped Cheek: red rash on face and lacy reticular rash on extremities

34
Q

What causes Roseola

A

HHV 6 and HHV 7

35
Q

Sx of Roseola

A

Rash that starts on TRUNK then spreads to face
Fever for 3-5 days, kid looks ok during febrile state
Non-contagious once rash starts

36
Q

What causes Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

A

Coxsackie Virus

37
Q

Sx of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

A

Vesicles or red papules on tongue, oral mucosa, hands or feet
Mild fever, sore throat and malaise

38
Q

What causes Pertussis

A

Bordatella Pertussis

39
Q

Sx of Pertussis

A

Prodromal Catarrhal Stage: URI sx at first, low fever, malaise
2 weeks of violent cough (10-30 coughs followed by INSPIRATORY whoop, post-tussive emesis
During episodes of coughing: cyanosis, sweating, prostration, exhaustion
Gradual improvement 2-4 weeks
Cough resolves after 1-3 months

40
Q

Tx of Pertussis

A

Azithromycin to avoid spread
Quarantine for 5 days while on Abx
Vaccine: DTap

41
Q

Sx of Pinworms

A

Perianal/Perineal Itching Especially at night
Worms lay their eggs at night
Restlessness at night

42
Q

Tx of Pinworms

A

Albendazole (as a single dose for kids 1-2; good for all ages but not approved by FDA) for kids, Mebendazole
Treat entire household at the same time to avoid reinfection
Drugs are not effective against eggs, so repeat tx after 2 wks to kill recently hatched eggs

43
Q

What is the most severe form of Influenza

A

Influenza A

Due to high mutation rate

44
Q

How is Erythema Infectiosum-Fifths Disease Spread

A

Respiratory Droplets

Incubation 4-14 days

45
Q

Sx of Erythema Infectiosum-Fifths Disease

A

Slapped Cheek: red rash over face + lacy reticular rash on extremities
Coryza, fever, arthropathy

46
Q

What is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii
Transmitted by Tick
Eastern and Southeastern States and Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma

47
Q

Sx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Fever, GI sx, Headache
Rash (macules and papules) on Palms and Soles, Face is spared
Rash appears 2-6 days after fever

48
Q

Tx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Doxycycline

49
Q

Dx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Labs reflect vasculitis: thrombocytopenia, hyponatermia, early mild leukopenia
Serologic studies with fluorescent agglutination antibody

50
Q

Tx for Pertussis

A

Azithromycin to help prevent spread, not really used to tx pt.
Quarantine for 5 days while on abx
Treat close contacts, report cases

51
Q

How do you get Pinworms

A

Adult worms live in the colon.
Females deposit eggs in perianal area, usually at night
Scratching contaminates fingers and allows transmission back and forth back to host or fecal-oral spread

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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